Annotation
literal: CrossCult Upper-level

Annotation
literal: ECRM 160714 / CIDOC-CRM 6.2.1

Annotation
literal: CrossCult Generic Upper-level Ontology based on Erlangen CRM version ECRM160714. The implemenation is a subset of CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model that includes additional semantics from the SKOS and FOAF ontology. The structure maintains full compatibility with CIDOC-CRM containing the least minimum set of CRM concepts as described in the latest specification document version 6.2.1

Annotation
literal: Erlangen CRM / OWL - An OWL DL 1.0 implementation of the CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model, based on: Nick Crofts, Martin Doerr, Tony Gill, Stephen Stead, Matthew Stiff (eds.): Definition of the CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model (http://cidoc-crm.org/). This implementation has been originally created by Bernhard Schiemann, Martin Oischinger and Günther Görz at the Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Department of Computer Science, Chair of Computer Science 8 (Artificial Intelligence) in cooperation with the Department of Museum Informatics of the Germanisches Nationalmuseum Nuremberg and the Department of Biodiversity Informatics of the Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig Bonn. The Erlangen CRM / OWL implementation of the CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E11_Modification
literal: Scope note: This class comprises all instances of E7 Activity that create, alter or change E24 Physical Man-Made Thing. This class includes the production of an item from raw materials, and other so far undocumented objects, and the preventive treatment or restoration of an object for conservation. Since the distinction between modification and production is not always clear, modification is regarded as the more generally applicable concept. This implies that some items may be consumed or destroyed in a Modification, and that others may be produced as a result of it. An event should also be documented using E81 Transformation if it results in the destruction of one or more objects and the simultaneous production of others using parts or material from the originals. In this case, the new items have separate identities. If the instance of the E29 Design or Procedure utilized for the modification prescribes the use of specific materials, they should be documented using property P68 foresees use of (use foreseen by): E57 Material of E29 Design or Procedure, rather than via P126 employed (was employed in): E57 Material. Examples: - the construction of the SS Great Britain (E12) - the impregnation of the Vasa warship in Stockholm for preservation after 1956 - the transformation of the Enola Gay into a museum exhibit by the National Air and Space Museum in Washington DC between 1993 and 1995 (E12, E81) - the last renewal of the gold coating of the Toshogu shrine in Nikko, Japan In First Order Logic: E11(x) ⊃ E7(x)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E11_Modification
literal: E11 Modification

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E12_Production
literal: Scope note: This class comprises activities that are designed to, and succeed in, creating one or more new items. It specializes the notion of modification into production. The decision as to whether or not an object is regarded as new is context sensitive. Normally, items are considered "new" if there is no obvious overall similarity between them and the consumed items and material used in their production. In other cases, an item is considered "new" because it becomes relevant to documentation by a modification. For example, the scribbling of a name on a potsherd may make it a voting token. The original potsherd may not be worth documenting, in contrast to the inscribed one. This entity can be collective: the printing of a thousand books, for example, would normally be considered a single event. An event should also be documented using E81 Transformation if it results in the destruction of one or more objects and the simultaneous production of others using parts or material from the originals. In this case, the new items have separate identities and matter is preserved, but identity is not. Examples: - the construction of the SS Great Britain - the first casting of the Little Mermaid from the harbour of Copenhagen - Rembrandt's creating of the seventh state of his etching "Woman sitting half dressed beside a stove", 1658, identified by Bartsch Number 197 (E12,E65,E81) In First Order Logic: E12(x) ⊃ E11(x) E12(x) ⊃ E63(x)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E12_Production
literal: E12 Production

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E13_Attribute_Assignment
literal: Scope note: This class comprises the actions of making assertions about properties of an object or any relation between two items or concepts. This class allows the documentation of how the respective assignment came about, and whose opinion it was. All the attributes or properties assigned in such an action can also be seen as directly attached to the respective item or concept, possibly as a collection of contradictory values. All cases of properties in this model that are also described indirectly through an action are characterised as "short cuts" of this action. This redundant modelling of two alternative views is preferred because many implementations may have good reasons to model either the action or the short cut, and the relation between both alternatives can be captured by simple rules. In particular, the class describes the actions of people making propositions and statements during certain museum procedures, e.g. the person and date when a condition statement was made, an identifier was assigned, the museum object was measured, etc. Which kinds of such assignments and statements need to be documented explicitly in structures of a schema rather than free text, depends on if this information should be accessible by structured queries. Examples: - the assessment of the current ownership of Martin Doerr's silver cup in February 1997 In First Order Logic: E13(x) ⊃ E7(x)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E13_Attribute_Assignment
literal: E13 Attribute Assignment

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E18_Physical_Thing
literal: Scope note: This class comprises all persistent physical items with a relatively stable form, man-made or natural. Depending on the existence of natural boundaries of such things, the CRM distinguishes the instances of E19 Physical Object from instances of E26 Physical Feature, such as holes, rivers, pieces of land etc. Most instances of E19 Physical Object can be moved (if not too heavy), whereas features are integral to the surrounding matter. An instance of E18 Physical Thing occupies not only a particular geometric space, but in the course of its existence it also forms a trajectory through spacetime, which occupies a real, that is phenomenal, volume in spacetime. We include in the occupied space the space filled by the matter of the physical thing and all its inner spaces, such as the interior of a box. Physical things consisting of aggregations of physically unconnected objects, such as a set of chessmen, occupy a number of individually contiguous spacetime volumes equal to the number of unconnected objects that constitute the set. We model E18 Physical Thing to be a subclass of E72 Legal Object and of E92 Spacetime volume. The latter is intended as a phenomenal spacetime volume as defined in CRMgeo (Doerr and Hiebel 2013). By virtue of this multiple inheritance we can discuss the physical extent of an E18 Physical Thing without representing each instance of it together with an instance of its associated spacetime volume. This model combines two quite different kinds of substance: an instance of E18 Physical Thing is matter while a spacetime volume is an aggregation of points in spacetime. However, the real spatiotemporal extent of an instance of E18 Physical Thing is regarded to be unique to it, due to all its details and fuzziness; its identity and existence depends uniquely on the identity of the instance of E18 Physical Thing. Therefore this multiple inheritance is unambiguous and effective and furthermore corresponds to the intuitions of natural language.…

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E18_Physical_Thing
literal: E18 Physical Thing

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E19_Physical_Object
literal: Scope note: This class comprises items of a material nature that are units for documentation and have physical boundaries that separate them completely in an objective way from other objects. The class also includes all aggregates of objects made for functional purposes of whatever kind, independent of physical coherence, such as a set of chessmen. Typically, instances of E19 Physical Object can be moved (if not too heavy). In some contexts, such objects, except for aggregates, are also called "bona fide objects" (Smith & Varzi, 2000, pp.401-420), i.e. naturally defined objects. The decision as to what is documented as a complete item, rather than by its parts or components, may be a purely administrative decision or may be a result of the order in which the item was acquired. Examples: - John Smith - Aphrodite of Milos - the Palace of Knossos - the Cullinan diamond - Apollo 13 at the time of launch In First Order Logic: E19(x) ⊃ E18(x)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E19_Physical_Object
literal: E19 Physical Object

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E1_CRM_Entity
literal: Scope note: This class comprises all things in the universe of discourse of the CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model. It is an abstract concept providing for three general properties: 1.Identification by name or appellation, and in particular by a preferred identifier 2.Classification by type, allowing further refinement of the specific subclass an instance belongs to 3.Attachment of free text for the expression of anything not captured by formal properties With the exception of E59 Primitive Value, all other classes within the CRM are directly or indirectly specialisations of E1 CRM Entity. Examples: the earthquake in Lisbon 1755 (E5) In First Order Logic: E1(x)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E1_CRM_Entity
literal: E1 CRM Entity

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E20_Biological_Object
literal: Scope note: This class comprises individual items of a material nature, which live, have lived or are natural products of or from living organisms. Artificial objects that incorporate biological elements, such as Victorian butterfly frames, can be documented as both instances of E20 Biological Object and E22 Man-Made Object. Examples: - me - Tut-Ankh-Amun - Boukephalas [Horse of Alexander the Great] - petrified dinosaur excrement PA1906-344 In First Order Logic: E20(x) ⊃ E19(x)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E20_Biological_Object
literal: E20 Biological Object

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E21_Person
literal: Scope note: This class comprises real persons who live or are assumed to have lived. Legendary figures that may have existed, such as Ulysses and King Arthur, fall into this class if the documentation refers to them as historical figures. In cases where doubt exists as to whether several persons are in fact identical, multiple instances can be created and linked to indicate their relationship. The CRM does not propose a specific form to support reasoning about possible identity. Examples: - Tut-Ankh-Amun - Nelson Mandela In First Order Logic: E21(x) ⊃ E20(x) E21(x) ⊃ E39(x)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E21_Person
literal: E21 Person

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E22_Man-Made_Object
literal: Scope note: This class comprises physical objects purposely created by human activity. No assumptions are made as to the extent of modification required to justify regarding an object as man-made. For example, an inscribed piece of rock or a preserved butterfly are both regarded as instances of E22 Man-Made Object. Examples: - Mallard (the World's fastest steam engine) - the Portland Vase - the Coliseum In First Order Logic: E22(x) ⊃ E19(x) E22(x) ⊃ E24(x)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E22_Man-Made_Object
literal: E22 Man-Made Object

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E24_Physical_Man-Made_Thing
literal: Scope note: This class comprises all persistent physical items that are purposely created by human activity. This class comprises man-made objects, such as a swords, and man-made features, such as rock art. No assumptions are made as to the extent of modification required to justify regarding an object as man-made. For example, a "cup and ring" carving on bedrock is regarded as instance of E24 Physical Man-Made Thing. Examples: - the Forth Railway Bridge (E22) - the Channel Tunnel (E25) - the Historical Collection of the Museum Benaki in Athens (E78) In First Order Logic: E24(x) ⊃ E18(x) E24(x) ⊃ E71(x)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E24_Physical_Man-Made_Thing
literal: E24 Physical Man-Made Thing

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E25_Man-Made_Feature
literal: Scope note: This class comprises physical features that are purposely created by human activity, such as scratches, artificial caves, artificial water channels, etc. No assumptions are made as to the extent of modification required to justify regarding a feature as man-made. For example, rock art or even "cup and ring" carvings on bedrock a regarded as types of E25 Man-Made Feature. Examples: - the Manchester Ship Canal - Michael Jackson's nose following plastic surgery In First Order Logic: E25(x) ⊃ E26(x) E25(x) ⊃ E24(x)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E25_Man-Made_Feature
literal: E25 Man-Made Feature

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E26_Physical_Feature
literal: Scope note: This class comprises identifiable features that are physically attached in an integral way to particular physical objects. Instances of E26 Physical Feature share many of the attributes of instances of E19 Physical Object. They may have a one-, two- or three-dimensional geometric extent, but there are no natural borders that separate them completely in an objective way from the carrier objects. For example, a doorway is a feature but the door itself, being attached by hinges, is not. Instances of E26 Physical Feature can be features in a narrower sense, such as scratches, holes, reliefs, surface colours, reflection zones in an opal crystal or a density change in a piece of wood. In the wider sense, they are portions of particular objects with partially imaginary borders, such as the core of the Earth, an area of property on the surface of the Earth, a landscape or the head of a contiguous marble statue. They can be measured and dated, and it is sometimes possible to state who or what is or was responsible for them. They cannot be separated from the carrier object, but a segment of the carrier object may be identified (or sometimes removed) carrying the complete feature. This definition coincides with the definition of "fiat objects" (Smith & Varzi, 2000, pp.401-420), with the exception of aggregates of "bona fide objects". Examples: - the temple in Abu Simbel before its removal, which was carved out of solid rock - Albrecht Duerer's signature on his painting of Charles the Great - the damage to the nose of the Great Sphinx in Giza - Michael Jackson's nose prior to plastic surgery In First Order Logic: E26(x) ⊃ E18(x)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E26_Physical_Feature
literal: E26 Physical Feature

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E27_Site
literal: Scope note: This class comprises pieces of land or sea floor. In contrast to the purely geometric notion of E53 Place, this class describes constellations of matter on the surface of the Earth or other celestial body, which can be represented by photographs, paintings and maps. Instances of E27 Site are composed of relatively immobile material items and features in a particular configuration at a particular location. Examples: - the Amazon river basin - Knossos - the Apollo 11 landing site - Heathrow Airport - the submerged harbour of the Minoan settlement of Gournia, Crete In First Order Logic: E27(x)⊃ E26(x)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E27_Site
literal: E27 Site

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E28_Conceptual_Object
literal: Scope note: This class comprises non-material products of our minds and other human produced data that have become objects of a discourse about their identity, circumstances of creation or historical implication. The production of such information may have been supported by the use of technical devices such as cameras or computers. Characteristically, instances of this class are created, invented or thought by someone, and then may be documented or communicated between persons. Instances of E28 Conceptual Object have the ability to exist on more than one particular carrier at the same time, such as paper, electronic signals, marks, audio media, paintings, photos, human memories, etc. They cannot be destroyed. They exist as long as they can be found on at least one carrier or in at least one human memory. Their existence ends when the last carrier and the last memory are lost. Examples: - Beethoven's "Ode an die Freude" (Ode to Joy) (E73) - the definition of "ontology" in the Oxford English Dictionary - the knowledge about the victory at Marathon carried by the famous runner - 'Maxwell equations' [preferred subject access point from LCSH, http://lccn.loc.gov/sh85082387, as of 19 November 2012] - 'Equations, Maxwell' [variant subject access point, from the same source] In First Order Logic: E28(x) ⊃ E71(x)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E28_Conceptual_Object
literal: E28 Conceptual Object

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E29_Design_or_Procedure
literal: Scope note: This class comprises documented plans for the execution of actions in order to achieve a result of a specific quality, form or contents. In particular it comprises plans for deliberate human activities that may result in the modification or production of instances of E24 Physical Thing. Instances of E29 Design or Procedure can be structured in parts and sequences or depend on others. This is modelled using P69 has association with (is associated with).. Designs or procedures can be seen as one of the following: 1. A schema for the activities it describes 2. A schema of the products that result from their application. 3. An independent intellectual product that may have never been applied, such as Leonardo da Vinci's famous plans for flying machines. Because designs or procedures may never be applied or only partially executed, the CRM models a loose relationship between the plan and the respective product. Examples: - the ISO standardisation procedure - the musical notation of Beethoven's "Ode to Joy" - the architectural drawings for the Kölner Dom in Cologne, Germany - The drawing on the folio 860 of the Codex Atlanticus from Leonardo da Vinci, 1486-1490, kept in the Biblioteca Ambrosiana in Milan In First Order Logic: E29(x) ⊃ E73(x)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E29_Design_or_Procedure
literal: E29 Design or Procedure

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E2_Temporal_Entity
literal: Scope note: This class comprises all phenomena, such as the instances of E4 Periods, E5 Events and states, which happen over a limited extent in time. This extent in time must be contiguous, i.e., without gaps. In case the defining kinds of phenomena for an instance of E2 Temporal Entity cease to happen, and occur later again at another time, we regard that the former E2 Temporal Entity has ended and a new instance has come into existence. In more intuitive terms, the same event cannot happen twice. In some contexts, these are also called perdurants. This class is disjoint from E77 Persistent Item. This is an abstract class and has no direct instances. E2 Temporal Entity is specialized into E4 Period, which applies to a particular geographic area (defined with a greater or lesser degree of precision), and E3 Condition State, which applies to instances of E18 Physical Thing. Examples: - Bronze Age (E4) - the earthquake in Lisbon 1755 (E5) - the Peterhof Palace near Saint Petersburg being in ruins from 1944 – 1946 (E3) In First Order Logic: E2(x) ⊃ E1(x)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E2_Temporal_Entity
literal: E2 Temporal Entity

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E30_Right
literal: Scope note: This class comprises legal privileges concerning material and immaterial things or their derivatives. These include reproduction and property rights. Examples: - Copyright held by ISO on ISO/CD 21127 - ownership of the "Mona Lisa" by the Louvre In First Order Logic: E30(x) ⊃ E89(x

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E30_Right
literal: E30 Right

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E31_Document
literal: Scope note: This class comprises identifiable immaterial items that make propositions about reality. These propositions may be expressed in text, graphics, images, audiograms, videograms or by other similar means. Documentation databases are regarded as a special case of E31 Document. This class should not be confused with the term "document" in Information Technology, which is compatible with E73 Information Object. Examples: - the Encyclopaedia Britannica (E32) - The image content of the photo of the Allied Leaders at Yalta published by UPI, 1945 (E38) - the Doomsday Book In First Order Logic: E31(x) ⊃ E73(x)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E31_Document
literal: E31 Document

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E32_Authority_Document
literal: Scope note: This class comprises encyclopaedia, thesauri, authority lists and other documents that define terminology or conceptual systems for consistent use. Examples: - Webster's Dictionary - Getty Art and Architecture Thesaurus - the CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model In First Order Logic: E32(x) ⊃ E31(x)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E32_Authority_Document
literal: E32 Authority Document

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E33_Linguistic_Object
literal: Scope note: This class comprises identifiable expressions in natural language or languages. Instances of E33 Linguistic Object can be expressed in many ways: e.g. as written texts, recorded speech or sign language. However, the CRM treats instances of E33 Linguistic Object independently from the medium or method by which they are expressed. Expressions in formal languages, such as computer code or mathematical formulae, are not treated as instances of E33 Linguistic Object by the CRM. These should be modelled as instances of E73 Information Object. The text of an instance of E33 Linguistic Object can be documented in a note by P3 has note: E62 String Examples: - the text of the Ellesmere Chaucer manuscript - the lyrics of the song "Blue Suede Shoes" - the text of the Jabberwocky by Lewis Carroll - the text of "Doktoro Jekyll kaj Sinjoro Hyde" (an Esperanto translation of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde) In First Order Logic: E33(x) ⊃ E73(x)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E33_Linguistic_Object
literal: E33 Linguistic Object

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E34_Inscription
literal: Scope note: This class comprises recognisable, short texts attached to instances of E24 Physical Man-Made Thing. The transcription of the text can be documented in a note by P3 has note: E62 String. The alphabet used can be documented by P2 has type: E55 Type. This class does not intend to describe the idiosyncratic characteristics of an individual physical embodiment of an inscription, but the underlying prototype. The physical embodiment is modelled in the CRM as E24 Physical Man-Made Thing. The relationship of a physical copy of a book to the text it contains is modelled using E84 Information Carrier. P128 carries (is carried by): E33 Linguistic Object. Examples: - "keep off the grass" on a sign stuck in the lawn of the quad of Balliol College - The text published in Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum V 895 - Kilroy was here In First Order Logic: E34(x) ⊃ E33(x) E34(x) ⊃ E37(x)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E34_Inscription
literal: E34 Inscription

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E35_Title
literal: Scope note: This class comprises the names assigned to works, such as texts, artworks or pieces of music. Titles are proper noun phrases or verbal phrases, and should not be confused with generic object names such as "chair", "painting" or "book" (the latter are common nouns that stand for instances of E55 Type). Titles may be assigned by the creator of the work itself, or by a social group. This class also comprises the translations of titles that are used as surrogates for the original titles in different social contexts. Examples: - "The Merchant of Venice" - "Mona Lisa" - "La Pie or The Magpie" - "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds" In First Order Logic: E35(x) ⊃ E33(x) E35(x) ⊃ E41(x)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E35_Title
literal: E35 Title

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E36_Visual_Item
literal: Scope note: This class comprises the intellectual or conceptual aspects of recognisable marks and images. This class does not intend to describe the idiosyncratic characteristics of an individual physical embodiment of a visual item, but the underlying prototype. For example, a mark such as the ICOM logo is generally considered to be the same logo when used on any number of publications. The size, orientation and colour may change, but the logo remains uniquely identifiable. The same is true of images that are reproduced many times. This means that visual items are independent of their physical support. The class E36 Visual Item provides a means of identifying and linking together instances of E24 Physical Man-Made Thing that carry the same visual symbols, marks or images etc. The property P62 depicts (is depicted by) between E24 Physical Man-Made Thing and depicted subjects (E1 CRM Entity) can be regarded as a short-cut of the more fully developed path from E24 Physical Man-Made Thing through P65 shows visual item (is shown by), E36 Visual Item, P138 represents (has representation) to E1CRM Entity, which in addition captures the optical features of the depiction. Examples: - the visual appearance of Monet's "La Pie" (E38) - the Coca-Cola logo (E34) - the Chi-Rho (E37) - the communist red star (E37) In First Order Logic: E36(x) ⊃ E73(x)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E36_Visual_Item
literal: E36 Visual Item

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E37_Mark
literal: Scope note: This class comprises symbols, signs, signatures or short texts applied to instances of E24 Physical Man-Made Thing by arbitrary techniques in order to indicate the creator, owner, dedications, purpose, etc. This class specifically excludes features that have no semantic significance, such as scratches or tool marks. These should be documented as instances of E25 Man-Made Feature. Examples:  Minoan double axe mark  ©   In First Order Logic: E37(x) ⊃ E36(x)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E37_Mark
literal: E37 Mark

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E38_Image
literal: Scope note: This class comprises distributions of form, tone and colour that may be found on surfaces such as photos, paintings, prints and sculptures or directly on electronic media. The degree to which variations in the distribution of form and colour affect the identity of an instance of E38 Image depends on a given purpose. The original painting of the Mona Lisa in the Louvre may be said to bear the same instance of E38 Image as reproductions in the form of transparencies, postcards, posters or T-shirts, even though they may differ in size and carrier and may vary in tone and colour. The images in a "spot the difference" competition are not the same with respect to their context, however similar they may at first appear. Examples: - the front side of all 20 Swiss Frs notes - the image depicted on all reproductions of the Mona Lisa In First Order Logic: E38(x) ⊃ E36(x)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E38_Image
literal: E38 Image

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E39_Actor
literal: Scope note: This class comprises people, either individually or in groups, who have the potential to perform intentional actions of kinds for which someone may be held responsible. The CRM does not attempt to model the inadvertent actions of such actors. Individual people should be documented as instances of E21 Person, whereas groups should be documented as instances of either E74 Group or its subclass E40 Legal Body. Examples: - London and Continental Railways (E40) - the Governor of the Bank of England in 1975 (E21) - Sir Ian McKellan (E21) In First Order Logic: E39(x) ⊃ E77(x)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E39_Actor
literal: E39 Actor

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E40_Legal_Body
literal: Scope note: This class comprises institutions or groups of people that have obtained a legal recognition as a group and can act collectively as agents. This means that they can perform actions, own property, create or destroy things and can be held collectively responsible for their actions like individual people. The term 'personne morale' is often used for this in French. Examples: - Greenpeace - Paveprime Ltd - the National Museum of Denmark In First Order Logic: E40(x) ⊃ E74(x)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E40_Legal_Body
literal: E40 Legal Body

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E41_Appellation
literal: Scope note: This class comprises signs, either meaningful or not, or arrangements of signs following a specific syntax, that are used or can be used to refer to and identify a specific instance of some class or category within a certain context. Instances of E41 Appellation do not identify things by their meaning, even if they happen to have one, but instead by convention, tradition, or agreement. Instances of E41 Appellation are cultural constructs; as such, they have a context, a history, and a use in time and space by some group of users. A given instance of E41 Appellation can have alternative forms, i.e., other instances of E41 Appellation that are always regarded as equivalent independent from the thing it denotes. Specific subclasses of E41 Appellation should be used when instances of E41 Appellation of a characteristic form are used for particular objects. Instances of E49 Time Appellation, for example, which take the form of instances of E50 Date, can be easily recognised. E41 Appellation should not be confused with the act of naming something. Cf. E15 Identifier Assignment Examples: - "Martin" - "the Forth Bridge" - "the Merchant of Venice" (E35) - "Spigelia marilandica (L.) L." [not the species, just the name] - "information science" [not the science itself, but the name through which we refer to it in an English-speaking context] - “安” [Chinese "an", meaning "peace"] In First Order Logic: E41(x) ⊃ E90(x)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E41_Appellation
literal: E41 Appellation

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E42_Identifier
literal: Scope note: This class comprises strings or codes assigned to instances of E1 CRM Entity in order to identify them uniquely and permanently within the context of one or more organisations. Such codes are often known as inventory numbers, registration codes, etc. and are typically composed of alphanumeric sequences. The class E42 Identifier is not normally used for machine-generated identifiers used for automated processing unless these are also used by human agents. Examples: - "MM.GE.195" - "13.45.1976" - "OXCMS: 1997.4.1" - ISSN "0041-5278" - ISRC "FIFIN8900116" - Shelf mark "Res 8 P 10" - "Guillaume de Machaut (1300?-1377)" [a controlled personal name heading that follows the French rules] In First Order Logic: E42(x) ⊃ E41(x)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E42_Identifier
literal: E42 Identifier

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E44_Place_Appellation
literal: Scope note: This class comprises any sort of identifier characteristically used to refer to an E53 Place. Instances of E44 Place Appellation may vary in their degree of precision and their meaning may vary over time - the same instance of E44 Place Appellation may be used to refer to several places, either because of cultural shifts, or because objects used as reference points have moved around. Instances of E44 Place Appellation can be extremely varied in form: postal addresses, instances of E47 Spatial Coordinate, and parts of buildings can all be considered as instances of E44 Place Appellation. Examples: - "Vienna" - "CH-1211, Genève" - "Aquae Sulis Minerva" - "Bath" - "Cambridge" - "the Other Place" - "the City" In First Order Logic: E44(x) ⊃ E41(x)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E44_Place_Appellation
literal: E44 Place Appellation

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E46_Section_Definition
literal: Scope note: This class comprises areas of objects referred to in terms specific to the general geometry or structure of its kind. The 'prow' of the boat, the 'frame' of the picture, the 'front' of the building are all instances of E46 Section Definition. The class highlights the fact that parts of objects can be treated as locations. This holds in particular for features without natural boundaries, such as the "head" of a marble statue made out of one block (cf. E53 Place). In answer to the question 'where is the signature?' one might reply 'on the lower left corner'. (Section Definition is closely related to the term "segment" in Gerstl, P.& Pribbenow, S, 1996 " A conceptual theory of part – whole relations and its applications", Data & Knowledge Engineering 20 305-322, North Holland- Elsevier). Examples: - "the entrance lobby to the Ripley Center" - "the poop deck of H.M.S Victory" - "the Venus de Milo's left buttock" - "left inner side of my box" In First Order Logic: E46(x) ⊃ E44(x)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E46_Section_Definition
literal: E46 Section Definition

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E47_Spatial_Coordinates
literal: Scope note: This class comprises the textual or numeric information required to locate specific instances of E53 Place within schemes of spatial identification. Coordinates are a specific form of E44 Place Appellation, that is, a means of referring to a particular E53 Place. Coordinates are not restricted to longitude, latitude and altitude. Any regular system of reference that maps onto an E19 Physical Object can be used to generate coordinates. Examples: - "6°5'29"N 45°12'13"W" - "Black queen's bishop 4" [chess coordinate]. In First Order Logic: E47(x) ⊃ E44(x)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E47_Spatial_Coordinates
literal: E47 Spatial Coordinates

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E48_Place_Name
literal: Scope note: This class comprises particular and common forms of E44 Place Appellation. Place Names may change their application over time: the name of an E53 Place may change, and a name may be reused for a different E53 Place. Instances of E48 Place Name are typically subject to place name gazetteers. Examples: - "Greece" - "Athens" - "Geneva" - "Lac Léman" In First Order Logic: E48(x) ⊃ E44(x)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E48_Place_Name
literal: E48 Place Name

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E49_Time_Appellation
literal: Scope note: This class comprises all forms of names or codes, such as historical periods, and dates, which are characteristically used to refer to a specific E52 Time-Span. The instances of E49 Time Appellation may vary in their degree of precision, and they may be relative to other time frames, "Before Christ" for example. Instances of E52 Time-Span are often defined by reference to a cultural period or an event e.g. 'the duration of the Ming Dynasty'. Examples: - "Meiji" [Japanese term for a specific time-span] - "1st half of the XX century" - "Quaternary" - "1215 Hegira" [a date in the Islamic calendar] - "Last century" In First Order Logic: E49(x) ⊃ E41(x)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E49_Time_Appellation
literal: E49 Time Appellation

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E4_Period
literal: Scope note: This class comprises sets of coherent phenomena or cultural manifestations occurring in time and space. It is the social or physical coherence of these phenomena that identify an E4 Period and not the associated spatiotemporal extent. This extent is only the “ground” or space in an abstract physical sense that the actual process of growth, spread and retreat has covered. Consequently, different periods can overlap and coexist in time and space, such as when a nomadic culture exists in the same area and time as a sedentary culture. This also means that overlapping land use rights, common among first nations, amounts to overlapping periods. Often, this class is used to describe prehistoric or historic periods such as the “Neolithic Period”, the “Ming Dynasty” or the “McCarthy Era”, but also geopolitical units and activities of settlements are regarded as special cases of E4 Period. However, there are no assumptions about the scale of the associated phenomena. In particular all events are seen as synthetic processes consisting of coherent phenomena. Therefore E4 Period is a superclass of E5 Event. For example, a modern clinical E67 Birth can be seen as both an atomic E5 Event and as an E4 Period that consists of multiple activities performed by multiple instances of E39 Actor. As the actual extent of an E4 Period in spacetime we regard the trajectories of the participating physical things during their participation in an instance of E4 Period. This includes the open spaces via which these things have interacted and the spaces by which they had the potential to interact during that period or event in the way defined by the type of the respective period or event. Examples include the air in a meeting room transferring the voices of the participants. Since these phenomena are fuzzy, we assume the spatiotemporal extent to be contiguous, except for cases of phenomena spreading out over islands or other separated areas, including geopolitical units distributed ov…

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E4_Period
literal: E4 Period

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E50_Date
literal: Scope note: This class comprises specific forms of E49 Time Appellation. Dates may vary in their degree of precision. Examples: - "1900" - "4-4-1959" - "19-MAR-1922" - "19640604" In First Order Logic: E50(x) ⊃ E49(x)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E50_Date
literal: E50 Date

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E52_Time-Span
literal: Scope note: This class comprises abstract temporal extents, in the sense of Galilean physics, having a beginning, an end and a duration. Time Span has no other semantic connotations. Time-Spans are used to define the temporal extent of instances of E4 Period, E5 Event and any other phenomena valid for a certain time. An E52 Time-Span may be identified by one or more instances of E49 Time Appellation. Since our knowledge of history is imperfect, instances of E52 Time-Span can best be considered as approximations of the actual Time-Spans of temporal entities. The properties of E52 Time-Span are intended to allow these approximations to be expressed precisely. An extreme case of approximation, might, for example, define an E52 Time-Span having unknown beginning, end and duration. Used as a common E52 Time-Span for two events, it would nevertheless define them as being simultaneous, even if nothing else was known. Automatic processing and querying of instances of E52 Time-Span is facilitated if data can be parsed into an E61 Time Primitive. Examples: - 1961 - from 12-17-1993 to 12-8-1996 - 14h30 - 16h22 4th July 1945 - 9.30 am 1.1.1999 to 2.00 pm 1.1.1999 - duration of the Ming Dynasty In First Order Logic: E52(x) ⊃ E1(x)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E52_Time-Span
literal: E52 Time-Span

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E53_Place
literal: Scope note: This class comprises extents in space, in particular on the surface of the earth, in the pure sense of physics: independent from temporal phenomena and matter. The instances of E53 Place are usually determined by reference to the position of "immobile" objects such as buildings, cities, mountains, rivers, or dedicated geodetic marks. A Place can be determined by combining a frame of reference and a location with respect to this frame. It may be identified by one or more instances of E44 Place Appellation. It is sometimes argued that instances of E53 Place are best identified by global coordinates or absolute reference systems. However, relative references are often more relevant in the context of cultural documentation and tend to be more precise. In particular, we are often interested in position in relation to large, mobile objects, such as ships. For example, the Place at which Nelson died is known with reference to a large mobile object – H.M.S Victory. A resolution of this Place in terms of absolute coordinates would require knowledge of the movements of the vessel and the precise time of death, either of which may be revised, and the result would lack historical and cultural relevance. Any object can serve as a frame of reference for E53 Place determination. The model foresees the notion of a "section" of an E19 Physical Object as a valid E53 Place determination. Examples: - the extent of the UK in the year 2003 - the position of the hallmark on the inside of my wedding ring - the place referred to in the phrase: "Fish collected at three miles north of the confluence of the Arve and the Rhone" - here -> <- In First Order Logic: E53(x) ⊃ E1(x)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E53_Place
literal: E53 Place

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E54_Dimension
literal: Scope note: This class comprises quantifiable properties that can be measured by some calibrated means and can be approximated by values, i.e. points or regions in a mathematical or conceptual space, such as natural or real numbers, RGB values etc. An instance of E54 Dimension represents the true quantity, independent from its numerical approximation, e.g. in inches or in cm. The properties of the class E54 Dimension allow for expressing the numerical approximation of the values of an instance of E54 Dimension. If the true values belong to a non-discrete space, such as spatial distances, it is recommended to record them as approximations by intervals or regions of indeterminacy enclosing the assumed true values. For instance, a length of 5 cm may be recorded as 4.5-5.5 cm, according to the precision of the respective observation. Note, that interoperability of values described in different units depends critically on the representation as value regions. Numerical approximations in archaic instances of E58 Measurement Unit used in historical records should be preserved. Equivalents corresponding to current knowledge should be recorded as additional instances of E54 Dimension as appropriate. Examples: - currency: £26.00 - length: 3.9-4.1 cm - diameter: 26 mm - weight: 150 lbs - density: 0.85 gm/cc - luminescence: 56 ISO lumens - tin content: 0.46 % - taille au garot: 5 hands - calibrated C14 date: 2460-2720 years, etc In First Order Logic: E54(x) ⊃ E1(x)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E54_Dimension
literal: E54 Dimension

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E55_Type
literal: Scope note: This class comprises concepts denoted by terms from thesauri and controlled vocabularies used to characterize and classify instances of CRM classes. Instances of E55 Type represent concepts in contrast to instances of E41 Appellation which are used to name instances of CRM classes. E55 Type is the CRM's interface to domain specific ontologies and thesauri. These can be represented in the CRM as subclasses of E55 Type, forming hierarchies of terms, i.e. instances of E55 Type linked via P127 has broader term (has narrower term). Such hierarchies may be extended with additional properties. Examples: - weight, length, depth [types of E54] - portrait, sketch, animation [types of E38] - French, English, German [E56] - excellent, good, poor [types of E3] - Ford Model T, chop stick [types of E22] - cave, doline, scratch [types of E26] - poem, short story [types of E33] - wedding, earthquake, skirmish [types of E5] In First Order Logic: E55(x) ⊃ E28(x)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E55_Type
literal: E55 Type

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E56_Language
literal: Scope note: This class is a specialization of E55 Type and comprises the natural languages in the sense of concepts. This type is used categorically in the model without reference to instances of it, i.e. the Model does not foresee the description of instances of instances of E56 Language, e.g.: "instances of Mandarin Chinese". It is recommended that internationally or nationally agreed codes and terminology are used to denote instances of E56 Language, such as those defined in ISO 639:1988. Examples: - el [Greek] - en [English] - eo [Esperanto] - es [Spanish] - fr [French] In First Order Logic: E56(x) ⊃ E55(x)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E56_Language
literal: E56 Language

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E57_Material
literal: Scope note: This class is a specialization of E55 Type and comprises the concepts of materials. Instances of E57 Material may denote properties of matter before its use, during its use, and as incorporated in an object, such as ultramarine powder, tempera paste, reinforced concrete. Discrete pieces of raw-materials kept in museums, such as bricks, sheets of fabric, pieces of metal, should be modelled individually in the same way as other objects. Discrete used or processed pieces, such as the stones from Nefer Titi's temple, should be modelled as parts (cf. P46 is composed of). This type is used categorically in the model without reference to instances of it, i.e. the Model does not foresee the description of instances of instances of E57 Material, e.g.: "instances of gold". It is recommended that internationally or nationally agreed codes and terminology are used. Examples: - brick - gold - aluminium - polycarbonate - resin In First Order Logic: E57(x) ⊃ E55(x)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E57_Material
literal: E57 Material

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E58_Measurement_Unit
literal: Scope note: This class is a specialization of E55 Type and comprises the types of measurement units: feet, inches, centimetres, litres, lumens, etc. This type is used categorically in the model without reference to instances of it, i.e. the Model does not foresee the description of instances of instances of E58 Measurement Unit, e.g.: "instances of cm". Système International (SI) units or internationally recognized non-SI terms should be used whenever possible. (ISO 1000:1992). Archaic Measurement Units used in historical records should be preserved. Examples: - cm [centrimetre] - km [kilometre] - m [meter] - m/s [meters per second] - A [Ampere] - GRD [Greek Drachme] - C° [degrees centigrade] In First Order Logic: E58(x) ⊃ E55(x)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E58_Measurement_Unit
literal: E58 Measurement Unit

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E5_Event
literal: Scope note: This class comprises changes of states in cultural, social or physical systems, regardless of scale, brought about by a series or group of coherent physical, cultural, technological or legal phenomena. Such changes of state will affect instances of E77 Persistent Item or its subclasses. The distinction between an E5 Event and an E4 Period is partly a question of the scale of observation. Viewed at a coarse level of detail, an E5 Event is an 'instantaneous' change of state. At a fine level, the E5 Event can be analysed into its component phenomena within a space and time frame, and as such can be seen as an E4 Period. The reverse is not necessarily the case: not all instances of E4 Period give rise to a noteworthy change of state. Examples: - the birth of Cleopatra (E67) - the destruction of Herculaneum by volcanic eruption in 79 AD (E6) - World War II (E7) - the Battle of Stalingrad (E7) - the Yalta Conference (E7) - my birthday celebration 28-6-1995 (E7) - the falling of a tile from my roof last Sunday - the CIDOC Conference 2003 (E7) In First Order Logic: E5(x) ⊃ E4(x)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E5_Event
literal: E5 Event

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E63_Beginning_of_Existence
literal: Scope note: This class comprises events that bring into existence any E77 Persistent Item. It may be used for temporal reasoning about things (intellectual products, physical items, groups of people, living beings) beginning to exist; it serves as a hook for determination of a terminus post quem and ante quem. Examples: - the birth of my child - the birth of Snoopy, my dog - the calving of the iceberg that sank the Titanic - the construction of the Eiffel Tower In First Order Logic: E63(x) ⊃ E5(x)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E63_Beginning_of_Existence
literal: E63 Beginning of Existence

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E64_End_of_Existence
literal: Scope note: This class comprises events that end the existence of any E77 Persistent Item. It may be used for temporal reasoning about things (physical items, groups of people, living beings) ceasing to exist; it serves as a hook for determination of a terminus postquem and antequem. In cases where substance from a Persistent Item continues to exist in a new form, the process would be documented by E81 Transformation. Examples: - the death of Snoopy, my dog - the melting of the snowman - the burning of the Temple of Artemis in Ephesos by Herostratos in 356BC In First Order Logic: E64(x) ⊃ E5(x)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E64_End_of_Existence
literal: E64 End of Existence

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E65_Creation
literal: Scope note: This class comprises events that result in the creation of conceptual items or immaterial products, such as legends, poems, texts, music, images, movies, laws, types etc. Examples: - the framing of the U.S. Constitution - the drafting of U.N. resolution 1441 In First Order Logic: E65(x) ⊃ E7(x) E65(x) ⊃ E63(x)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E65_Creation
literal: E65 Creation

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E67_Birth
literal: Scope note: This class comprises the births of human beings. E67 Birth is a biological event focussing on the context of people coming into life. (E63 Beginning of Existence comprises the coming into life of any living beings). Twins, triplets etc. are brought into life by the same E67 Birth event. The introduction of the E67 Birth event as a documentation element allows the description of a range of family relationships in a simple model. Suitable extensions may describe more details and the complexity of motherhood with the intervention of modern medicine. In this model, the biological father is not seen as a necessary participant in the E67 Birth event. Examples: - the birth of Alexander the Great In First Order Logic: E67(x) ⊃ E63(x)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E67_Birth
literal: E67 Birth

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E68_Dissolution
literal: Scope note: This class comprises the events that result in the formal or informal termination of an E74 Group of people. If the dissolution was deliberate, the Dissolution event should also be instantiated as an E7 Activity. Examples: - the fall of the Roman Empire - the liquidation of Enron Corporation In First Order Logic: E68(x) ⊃ E64(x)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E68_Dissolution
literal: E68 Dissolution

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E69_Death
literal: Scope note: This class comprises the deaths of human beings. If a person is killed, their death should be instantiated as E69 Death and as E7 Activity. The death or perishing of other living beings should be documented using E64 End of Existence. Examples: - the murder of Julius Caesar (E69,E7) - the death of Senator Paul Wellstone In First Order Logic: E69(x) ⊃ E64(x)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E69_Death
literal: E69 Death

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E6_Destruction
literal: Scope note: This class comprises events that destroy one or more instances of E18 Physical Thing such that they lose their identity as the subjects of documentation. Some destruction events are intentional, while others are independent of human activity. Intentional destruction may be documented by classifying the event as both an E6 Destruction and E7 Activity. The decision to document an object as destroyed, transformed or modified is context sensitive: 1. If the matter remaining from the destruction is not documented, the event is modelled solely as E6 Destruction. 2. An event should also be documented using E81 Transformation if it results in the destruction of one or more objects and the simultaneous production of others using parts or material from the original. In this case, the new items have separate identities. Matter is preserved, but identity is not. 3. When the initial identity of the changed instance of E18 Physical Thing is preserved, the event should be documented as E11 Modification. Examples: - the destruction of Herculaneum by volcanic eruption in 79 AD - the destruction of Nineveh (E6, E7) - the breaking of a champagne glass yesterday by my dog In First Order Logic: E6(x) ⊃ E64(x)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E6_Destruction
literal: E6 Destruction

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E70_Thing
literal: Scope note: This general class comprises discrete, identifiable, instances of E77 Persistent Item that are documented as single units, that either consist of matter or depend on being carried by matter and are characterized by relative stability. They may be intellectual products or physical things. They may for instance have a solid physical form, an electronic encoding, or they may be a logical concept or structure. Examples: - my photograph collection (E78) - the bottle of milk in my refrigerator (E22) - the plan of the Strassburger Muenster (E29) - the thing on the top of Otto Hahn's desk (E19) - the form of the no-smoking sign (E36) - the cave of Dirou, Mani, Greece (E27) In First Order Logic: E70(x) ⊃ E77(x)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E70_Thing
literal: E70 Thing

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E71_Man-Made_Thing
literal: Scope note: This class comprises discrete, identifiable man-made items that are documented as single units. These items are either intellectual products or man-made physical things, and are characterized by relative stability. They may for instance have a solid physical form, an electronic encoding, or they may be logical concepts or structures. Examples: - Beethoven's 5th Symphony (E73) - Michelangelo's David - Einstein's Theory of General Relativity (E73) - the taxon 'Fringilla coelebs Linnaeus, 1758' (E55) In First Order Logic: E71(x) ⊃ E70(x)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E71_Man-Made_Thing
literal: E71 Man-Made Thing

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E72_Legal_Object
literal: Scope note: This class comprises those material or immaterial items to which instances of E30 Right, such as the right of ownership or use, can be applied. This is true for all E18 Physical Thing. In the case of instances of E28 Conceptual Object, however, the identity of the E28 Conceptual Object or the method of its use may be too ambiguous to reliably establish instances of E30 Right, as in the case of taxa and inspirations. Ownership of corporations is currently regarded as out of scope of the CRM. Examples: - the Cullinan diamond (E19) - definition of the CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model Version 2.1 (E73) In First Order Logic: E72(x) ⊃ E70(x)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E72_Legal_Object
literal: E72 Legal Object

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E73_Information_Object
literal: Scope note: This class comprises identifiable immaterial items, such as a poems, jokes, data sets, images, texts, multimedia objects, procedural prescriptions, computer program code, algorithm or mathematical formulae, that have an objectively recognizable structure and are documented as single units. The encoding structure known as a "named graph" also falls under this class, so that each "named graph" is an instance of an E73 Information Object. An E73 Information Object does not depend on a specific physical carrier, which can include human memory, and it can exist on one or more carriers simultaneously. Instances of E73 Information Object of a linguistic nature should be declared as instances of the E33 Linguistic Object subclass. Instances of E73 Information Object of a documentary nature should be declared as instances of the E31 Document subclass. Conceptual items such as types and classes are not instances of E73 Information Object, nor are ideas without a reproducible expression. Examples: - image BM000038850.JPG from the Clayton Herbarium in London - E. A. Poe's "The Raven" - the movie "The Seven Samurai" by Akira Kurosawa - the Maxwell Equations - The Getty AAT as published as Linked Open Data, accessed 1/10/2014 In First Order Logic: E73(x) ⊃ E89(x) E73(x) ⊃ E90(x)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E73_Information_Object
literal: E73 Information Object

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E74_Group
literal: Scope note: This class comprises any gatherings or organizations of E39 Actors that act collectively or in a similar way due to any form of unifying relationship. In the wider sense this class also comprises official positions which used to be regarded in certain contexts as one actor, independent of the current holder of the office, such as the president of a country. In such cases, it may happen that the Group never had more than one member. A joint pseudonym (i.e., a name that seems indicative of an individual but that is actually used as a persona by two or more people) is a particular case of E74 Group.. A gathering of people becomes an E74 Group when it exhibits organizational characteristics usually typified by a set of ideas or beliefs held in common, or actions performed together. These might be communication, creating some common artifact, a common purpose such as study, worship, business, sports, etc. Nationality can be modelled as membership in an E74 Group (cf. HumanML markup). Married couples and other concepts of family are regarded as particular examples of E74 Group. Examples: - the impressionists - the Navajo - the Greeks - the peace protestors in New York City on February 15 2003 - Exxon-Mobil - King Solomon and his wives - the President of the Swiss Confederation - Nicolas Bourbaki - Betty Crocker - Ellery Queen In First Order Logic: E74(x) ⊃ E39(x)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E74_Group
literal: E74 Group

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E75_Conceptual_Object_Appellation
literal: Scope note: This class comprises all appellations specific to intellectual products or standardized patterns. This class comprises appellations that are by their form or syntax specific to identifying instances of E28 Conceptual Object, such as intellectual products, standardized patterns etc. Examples: - "ISBN 3-7913-1418-1" - "ISO 2788-1986 (F)" - "DOI=10.1109/MIS.2007.103" In First Order Logic: E75(x) ⊃ E41(x)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E75_Conceptual_Object_Appellation
literal: E75 Conceptual Object Appellation

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E77_Persistent_Item
literal: Scope note: This class comprises items that have a persistent identity, sometimes known as "endurants" in philosophy. They can be repeatedly recognized within the duration of their existence by identity criteria rather than by continuity or observation. Persistent Items can be either physical entities, such as people, animals or things, or conceptual entities such as ideas, concepts, products of the imagination or common names. The criteria that determine the identity of an item are often difficult to establish -; the decision depends largely on the judgement of the observer. For example, a building is regarded as no longer existing if it is dismantled and the materials reused in a different configuration. On the other hand, human beings go through radical and profound changes during their life-span, affecting both material composition and form, yet preserve their identity by other criteria. Similarly, inanimate objects may be subject to exchange of parts and matter. The class E77 Persistent Item does not take any position about the nature of the applicable identity criteria and if actual knowledge about identity of an instance of this class exists. There may be cases, where the identity of an E77 Persistent Item is not decidable by a certain state of knowledge. The main classes of objects that fall outside the scope the E77 Persistent Item class are temporal objects such as periods, events and acts, and descriptive properties. Examples: - Leonardo da Vinci - Stonehenge - the hole in the ozone layer - the First Law of Thermodynamics - the Bermuda Triangle In First Order Logic: E77(x) ⊃ E1(x)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E77_Persistent_Item
literal: E77 Persistent Item

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E78_Collection
literal: Scope note: This class comprises aggregations of instances of E18 Physical Thing that are assembled and maintained ("curated" and "preserved," in museological terminology) by one or more instances of E39 Actor over time for a specific purpose and audience, and according to a particular collection development plan. Items may be added or removed from an E78 Collection in pursuit of this plan. This class should not be confused with the E39 Actor maintaining the E78 Collection often referred to with the name of the E78 Collection (e.g. "The Wallace Collection decided…"). Collective objects in the general sense, like a tomb full of gifts, a folder with stamps or a set of chessmen, should be documented as instances of E19 Physical Object, and not as instances of E78 Collection. This is because they form wholes either because they are physically bound together or because they are kept together for their functionality. Examples: - The John Clayton Herbarium - the Wallace Collection - Mikael Heggelund Foslie's coralline red algae Herbarium at Museum of Natural History and Archaeology, Trondheim, Norway In First Order Logic: E78(x) ⊃ E24(x)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E78_Collection
literal: E78 Collection

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E7_Activity
literal: Scope note: This class comprises actions intentionally carried out by instances of E39 Actor that result in changes of state in the cultural, social, or physical systems documented. This notion includes complex, composite and long-lasting actions such as the building of a settlement or a war, as well as simple, short-lived actions such as the opening of a door. Examples: - the Battle of Stalingrad - the Yalta Conference - my birthday celebration 28-6-1995 - the writing of "Faust" by Goethe (E65) - the formation of the Bauhaus 1919 (E66) - calling the place identified by TGN '7017998' 'Quyunjig' by the people of Iraq - Kira Weber working in glass art from 1984 to 1993 - Kira Weber working in oil and pastel painting from 1993 In First Order Logic: E7(x) ⊃ E5(x)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E7_Activity
literal: E7 Activity

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E82_Actor_Appellation
literal: Scope note: This class comprises any sort of name, number, code or symbol characteristically used to identify an E39 Actor. An E39 Actor will typically have more than one E82 Actor Appellation, and instances of E82 Actor Appellation in turn may have alternative representations. The distinction between corporate and personal names, which is particularly important in library applications, should be made by explicitly linking the E82 Actor Appellation to an instance of either E21 Person or E74 Group/E40 Legal Body. If this is not possible, the distinction can be made through the use of the P2 has type mechanism. Examples: - "John Doe" - "Doe, J" - "the U.S. Social Security Number 246-14-2304" - "the Artist Formerly Known as Prince" - "the Master of the Flemish Madonna" - "Raphael's Workshop" - "the Brontë Sisters" - "ICOM" - "International Council of Museums" In First Order Logic: E82(x) ⊃ E41(x)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E82_Actor_Appellation
literal: E82 Actor Appellation

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E84_Information_Carrier
literal: Scope note: This class comprises all instances of E22 Man-Made Object that are explicitly designed to act as persistent physical carriers for instances of E73 Information Object. An E84 Information Carrier may or may not contain information, e.g., a diskette. Note that any E18 Physical Thing may carry information, such as an E34 Inscription. However, unless it was specifically designed for this purpose, it is not an Information Carrier. Therefore the property P128 carries (is carried by) applies to E18 Physical Thing in general. Examples: - the Rosetta Stone - my paperback copy of Crime & Punishment - the computer disk at ICS-FORTH that stores the canonical Definition of the CIDOC CRM In First Order Logic: E84(x) ⊃ E22(x)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E84_Information_Carrier
literal: E84 Information Carrier

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E89_Propositional_Object
literal: Scope note: This class comprises immaterial items, including but not limited to stories, plots, procedural prescriptions, algorithms, laws of physics or images that are, or represent in some sense, sets of propositions about real or imaginary things and that are documented as single units or serve as topic of discourse. This class also comprises items that are "about" something in the sense of a subject. In the wider sense, this class includes expressions of psychological value such as non-figural art and musical themes. However, conceptual items such as types and classes are not instances of E89 Propositional Object. This should not be confused with the definition of a type, which is indeed an instance of E89 Propositional Object. Examples: - Maxwell's Equations - The ideational contents of Aristotle's book entitled 'Metaphysics' as rendered in the Greek texts translated in … Oxford edition… - The underlying prototype of any "no-smoking" sign (E36) - The common ideas of the plots of the movie "The Seven Samurai" by Akira Kurosawa and the movie "The Magnificent Seven" by John Sturges - The image content of the photo of the Allied Leaders at Yalta published by UPI, 1945 (E38) In First Order Logic: E89(x) ⊃ E28(x)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E89_Propositional_Object
literal: E89 Propositional Object

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E90_Symbolic_Object
literal: Scope note: This class comprises identifiable symbols and any aggregation of symbols, such as characters, identifiers, traffic signs, emblems, texts, data sets, images, musical scores, multimedia objects, computer program code or mathematical formulae that have an objectively recognizable structure and that are documented as single units. It includes sets of signs of any nature, which may serve to designate something, or to communicate some propositional content. An instance of E90 Symbolic Object does not depend on a specific physical carrier, which can include human memory, and it can exist on one or more carriers simultaneously. An instance of E90 Symbolic Object may or may not have a specific meaning, for example an arbitrary character string. In some cases, the content of an instance of E90 Symbolic Object may completely be represented by a serialized digital content model, such as a sequence of ASCII-encoded characters, an XML or HTML document, or a TIFF image. The property P3 has note allows for the description of this content model. In order to disambiguate which symbolic level is the carrier of the meaning, the property P3.1 has type can be used to specify the encoding (e.g. "bit", "Latin character", RGB pixel). Examples: - 'ecognizabl' - The "no-smoking" sign (E36) - "BM000038850.JPG" (E75) - image BM000038850.JPG from the Clayton Herbarium in London (E38) - The distribution of form, tone and colour found on Leonardo da Vinci's painting named "Mona Lisa" in daylight (E38) - The Italian text of Dante's "Divina Commedia" as found in the authoritative critical edition La Commedia secondo l'antica vulgata a cura di Giorgio Petrocchi, Milano: Mondadori, 1966-67 (= Le Opere di Dante Alighieri, Edizione Nazionale a cura della Società Dantesca Italiana, VII, 1-4) (E33) In First Order Logic: E90(x) ⊃ E28(x) E90(x) ⊃ E72(x)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:E90_Symbolic_Object
literal: E90 Symbolic Object

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P100_was_death_of
literal: Scope note: This property links an E69 Death event to the E21 Person that died. A Death event may involve multiple people, for example in the case of a battle or disaster. This is not intended for use with general Natural History material, only people. Examples: - Mozart's death (E69) was death of Mozart (E21)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P100_was_death_of
literal: P100 was death of

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P100i_died_in
literal: P100 died in

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P101_had_as_general_use
literal: Scope note: This property links an instance of E70 Thing to an E55 Type of usage. It allows the relationship between particular things, both physical and immaterial, and general methods and techniques of use to be documented. Thus it can be asserted that a baseball bat had a general use for sport and a specific use for threatening people during the Great Train Robbery. Examples: - Tony Gill's Ford Mustang (E22) had as general use transportation (E55) In First Order Logic: P102(x,y) ⊃ E71(x) P102(x,y) ⊃ E35(y) P102(x,y,z) ⊃ [P102(x,y) ∧ E55(z)] P102(x,y) ⊃ P1(x,y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P101_had_as_general_use
literal: P101 had as general use

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P101i_was_use_of
literal: P101 was use of

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P102_has_title
literal: Scope note: This property describes the E35 Title applied to an instance of E71 Man-Made Thing. The E55 Type of Title is assigned in a sub property. The P102.1 has type property of the P102 has title (is title of) property enables the relationship between the Title and the thing to be further clarified, for example, if the Title was a given Title, a supplied Title etc. It allows any man-made material or immaterial thing to be given a Title. It is possible to imagine a Title being created without a specific object in mind. Examples: - the first book of the Old Testament (E33) has title "Genesis" (E35) has type translated (E55) In First Order Logic: P102(x,y) ⊃ E71(x) P102(x,y) ⊃ E35(y) P102(x,y,z) ⊃ [P102(x,y) ∧ E55(z)] P102(x,y) ⊃ P1(x,y) Properties: P102.1 has type: E55 Type

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P102_has_title
literal: P102 has title

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P102i_is_title_of
literal: P102 is title of

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P103_was_intended_for
literal: Scope note: This property links an instance of E71 Man-Made Thing to an E55 Type of usage. It creates a property between specific man-made things, both physical and immaterial, to Types of intended methods and techniques of use. Note: A link between specific man-made things and a specific use activity should be expressed using P19 was intended use of (was made for). Examples: - this plate (E22) was intended for being destroyed at wedding reception (E55) In First Order Logic: P103(x,y) ⊃ E71(x) P103(x,y) ⊃ E55(y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P103_was_intended_for
literal: P103 was intended for

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P103i_was_intention_of
literal: P103 was intention of

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P104_is_subject_to
literal: Scope note: This property links a particular E72 Legal Object to the instances of E30 Right to which it is subject. The Right is held by an E39 Actor as described by P75 possesses (is possessed by). Examples: - Beatles back catalogue (E72) is subject to reproduction right on Beatles back catalogue (E30) In First Order Logic: P104(x,y) ⊃ E72(x) P104(x,y) ⊃ E30(y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P104_is_subject_to
literal: P104 is subject to

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P104i_applies_to
literal: P104 applies to

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P105_right_held_by
literal: Scope note: This property identifies the E39 Actor who holds the instances of E30 Right to an E72 Legal Object. It is a superproperty of P52 has current owner (is current owner of) because ownership is a right that is held on the owned object. P105 right held by (has right on) is a shortcut of the fully developed path from E72 Legal Object through P104 is subject to (applies to), E30 Right, P75 possesses (is possessed by) to E39 Actor. Examples: - Beatles back catalogue (E73) right held by Michael Jackson (E21) In First Order Logic: P105(x,y) ⊃ E72(x) P105(x,y) ⊃ E39(y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P105_right_held_by
literal: P105 right held by

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P105i_has_right_on
literal: P105 has right on

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P106_is_composed_of
literal: Scope note: This property associates an instance of E90 Symbolic Object with a part of it that is by itself an instance of E90 Symbolic Object, such as fragments of texts or clippings from an image. This property is transitive. Examples: - This Scope note P106 (E33) is composed of fragments of texts (E33) - 'recognizable' P106 (E90) is composed of 'ecognizabl' (E90) In First Order Logic: P106(x,y) ⊃ E90(x) P106(x,y) ⊃ E90(y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P106_is_composed_of
literal: P106 is composed of

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P106i_forms_part_of
literal: P106 forms part of

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P107_has_current_or_former_member
literal: Scope note: This property relates an E39 Actor to the E74 Group of which that E39 Actor is a member. Groups, Legal Bodies and Persons, may all be members of Groups. A Group necessarily consists of more than one member. This property is a shortcut of the more fully developed path from E74 Group through P144 joined with (gained member by), E85 Joining, P143 joined (was joined by) to E39 Actor The property P107.1 kind of member can be used to specify the type of membership or the role the member has in the group. Examples: - Moholy Nagy (E21) is current or former member of Bauhaus (E74) - National Museum of Science and Industry (E40) has current or former member The National Railway Museum (E40) - The married couple Queen Elisabeth and Prince Phillip (E74) has current or former member Prince Phillip (E21) with P107.1 kind of member husband (E55 Type) In First Order Logic: P107(x,y) ⊃ E74(x) P107(x,y) ⊃ E39(y) P107(x,y,z) ⊃ [P107(x,y) ∧ E55(z)] Properties: P107.1 kind of member: E55 Type

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P107_has_current_or_former_member
literal: P107 has current or former member

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P107i_is_current_or_former_member_of
literal: P107 is current or former member of

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P108_has_produced
literal: Scope note: This property identifies the E24 Physical Man-Made Thing that came into existence as a result of an E12 Production. The identity of an instance of E24 Physical Man-Made Thing is not defined by its matter, but by its existence as a subject of documentation. An E12 Production can result in the creation of multiple instances of E24 Physical Man-Made Thing. Examples: - The building of Rome (E12) has produced Τhe Colosseum (E22) In First Order Logic: P108(x,y) ⊃ E12(x) P108(x,y) ⊃ E24(y) P108(x,y) ⊃ P31(x,y) P108(x,y) ⊃ P92(x,y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P108_has_produced
literal: P108 has produced

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P108i_was_produced_by
literal: P108 was produced by

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P109_has_current_or_former_curator
literal: Scope note: This property identifies the E39 Actor or Actors who assume or have assumed overall curatorial responsibility for an E78 Collection. It does not allow a history of curation to be recorded. This would require use of an Event initiating a curator being responsible for a Collection. Examples: - the Robert Opie Collection (E78) has current or former curator Robert Opie (E39) - the Mikael Heggelund Foslie's coralline red algae Herbarium (E78) has current or former curator Mikael Heggelund Foslie In First Order Logic: P109(x,y) ⊃ E78(x) P109(x,y) ⊃ E39(y) P109(x,y) ⊃ P49(x,y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P109_has_current_or_former_curator
literal: P109 has current or former curator

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P109i_is_current_or_former_curator_of
literal: P109 is current or former curator of

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P10_falls_within
literal: Scope note: This property associates an instance of E4 Period with another instance of E4 Period that falls within the spacetime volumes occupied by the latter.In other words, all points in the former are also points in the latter. This property is transitive. Examples: - the Great Plague (E4) falls within The Gothic period (E4) In First Order Logic: P10(x,y) ⊃ E4(x) P10(x,y) ⊃ E4(y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P10_falls_within
literal: P10 falls within

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P10i_contains
literal: P10 contains

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P114_is_equal_in_time_to
literal: Scope note: This symmetric property allows the instances of E2 Temporal Entity with the same E52 Time-Span to be equated. This property is only necessary if the time span is unknown (otherwise the equivalence can be calculated). This property is the same as the "equal" relationship of Allen’s temporal logic (Allen, 1983, pp. 832-843). This property is transitive. Examples: - the destruction of the Villa Justinian Tempus (E6) is equal in time to the death of Maximus Venderus (E69) In First Order Logic: P114(x,y) ⊃ E2(x) P114(x,y) ⊃ E2(y) P114(x,y) ⊃ P114(y,x)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P114_is_equal_in_time_to
literal: P114 is equal in time to

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P115_finishes
literal: Scope note: This property allows the ending point for a E2 Temporal Entity to be situated by reference to the ending point of another temporal entity of longer duration. This property is only necessary if the time span is unknown (otherwise the relationship can be calculated). This property is the same as the "finishes / finished-by" relationships of Allen’s temporal logic (Allen, 1983, pp. 832-843). This property is transitive. Examples: - Late Bronze Age (E4) finishes Bronze Age (E4) In First Order Logic: P115(x,y) ⊃ E2(x) P115(x,y) ⊃ E2(y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P115_finishes
literal: P115 finishes

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P115i_is_finished_by
literal: P115 is finished by

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P116_starts
literal: Scope note: This property allows the starting point for a E2 Temporal Entity to be situated by reference to the starting point of another temporal entity of longer duration. This property is only necessary if the time span is unknown (otherwise the relationship can be calculated). This property is the same as the "starts / started-by" relationships of Allen’s temporal logic (Allen, 1983, pp. 832-843). Examples: - Early Bronze Age (E4) starts Bronze Age (E4) In First Order Logic: P116(x,y) ⊃ E2(x) P116(x,y) ⊃ E2(y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P116_starts
literal: P116 starts

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P116i_is_started_by
literal: P116 is started by

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P117_occurs_during
literal: Scope note: This property allows the entire E52 Time-Span of an E2 Temporal Entity to be situated within the Time-Span of another temporal entity that starts before and ends after the included temporal entity. This property is only necessary if the time span is unknown (otherwise the relationship can be calculated). This property is the same as the "during / includes" relationships of Allen’s temporal logic (Allen, 1983, pp. 832-843). Examples: - Middle Saxon period (E4) occurs during Saxon period (E4) In First Order Logic: P117(x,y) ⊃ E2(x) P117(x,y) ⊃ E2(y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P117_occurs_during
literal: P117 occurs during

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P117i_includes
literal: P117 includes

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P118_overlaps_in_time_with
literal: Scope note: This property identifies an overlap between the instances of E52 Time-Span of two instances of E2 Temporal Entity. It implies a temporal order between the two entities: if A overlaps in time B, then A must start before B, and B must end after A. This property is only necessary if the relevant time spans are unknown (otherwise the relationship can be calculated). This property is the same as the "overlaps / overlapped-by" relationships of Allen’s temporal logic (Allen, 1983, pp. 832-843). Examples: - the Iron Age (E4) overlaps in time with the Roman period (E4) In First Order Logic: P118(x,y) ⊃ E2(x) P118(x,y) ⊃ E2(y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P118_overlaps_in_time_with
literal: P118 overlaps in time with

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P118i_is_overlapped_in_time_by
literal: P118 is overlapped in time by

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P119_meets_in_time_with
literal: Scope note: This property indicates that one E2 Temporal Entity immediately follows another. It implies a particular order between the two entities: if A meets in time with B, then A must precede B. This property is only necessary if the relevant time spans are unknown (otherwise the relationship can be calculated). This property is the same as the "meets / met-by" relationships of Allen's temporal logic (Allen, 1983, pp. 832-843). Examples: - Early Saxon Period (E4) meets in time with Middle Saxon Period (E4) In First Order Logic: P119(x,y) ⊃ E2(x) P119(x,y) ⊃ E2(y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P119_meets_in_time_with
literal: P119 meets in time with

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P119i_is_met_in_time_by
literal: P119 is met in time by

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P11_had_participant
literal: Scope note: This property describes the active or passive participation of instances of E39 Actors in an E5 Event. It connects the life-line of the related E39 Actor with the E53 Place and E50 Date of the event. The property implies that the Actor was involved in the event but does not imply any causal relationship. The subject of a portrait can be said to have participated in the creation of the portrait. Examples: - Napoleon (E21) participated in The Battle of Waterloo (E7) - Maria (E21) participated in Photographing of Maria (E7) In First Order Logic: P11(x,y) ⊃ E5(x) P11(x,y) ⊃ E39(y) P11(x,y) ⊃ P12(x,y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P11_had_participant
literal: P11 had participant

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P11i_participated_in
literal: P11 participated in

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P120_occurs_before
literal: Scope note: This property identifies the relative chronological sequence of two temporal entities. It implies that a temporal gap exists between the end of A and the start of B. This property is only necessary if the relevant time spans are unknown (otherwise the relationship can be calculated). This property is the same as the "before / after" relationships of Allen’s temporal logic (Allen, 1983, pp. 832-843). Examples: - Early Bronze Age (E4) occurs before Late Bronze age (E4) In First Order Logic: P120(x,y) ⊃ E2(x) P120(x,y) ⊃ E2(y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P120_occurs_before
literal: P120 occurs before

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P120i_occurs_after
literal: P120 occurs after

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P121_overlaps_with
literal: Scope note: This symmetric property allows the instances of E53 Place with overlapping geometric extents to be associated with each other. It does not specify anything about the shared area. This property is purely spatial, in contrast to Allen operators, which are purely temporal. Examples: - the territory of the United States (E53) overlaps with the Arctic (E53) In First Order Logic: P121(x,y) ⊃ E53(x) P121(x,y) ⊃ E53(y) P121(x,y) ⊃ P121(y,x)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P121_overlaps_with
literal: P121 overlaps with

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P122_borders_with
literal: Scope note: This symmetric property allows the instances of E53 Place which share common borders to be related as such. This property is purely spatial, in contrast to Allen operators, which are purely temporal. Examples: - Scotland (E53) borders with England (E53) In First Order Logic: P122(x,y) ⊃ E53(x) P122(x,y) ⊃ E53(y) P122(x,y) ⊃ P122(y,x)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P122_borders_with
literal: P122 borders with

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P125_used_object_of_type
literal: Scope note: This property defines the kind of objects used in an E7 Activity, when the specific instance is either unknown or not of interest, such as use of "a hammer". Examples: - at the Battle of Agincourt (E7), the English archers used object of type long bow (E55) In First Order Logic: P125(x,y) ⊃ E7(x) P125(x,y) ⊃ E55(y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P125_used_object_of_type
literal: P125 used object of type

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P125i_was_type_of_object_used_in
literal: P125 was type of object used in

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P126_employed
literal: Scope note: This property identifies E57 Material employed in an E11 Modification. The E57 Material used during the E11 Modification does not necessarily become incorporated into the E24 Physical Man-Made Thing that forms the subject of the E11 Modification. Examples: - the repairing of the Queen Mary (E11) employed Steel (E57) - distilled water (E57) was employed in the restoration of the Sistine Chapel (E11) In First Order Logic: P126(x,y) ⊃ E11(x) P126(x,y) ⊃ E57(y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P126_employed
literal: P126 employed

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P126i_was_employed_in
literal: P126 was employed in

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P127_has_broader_term
literal: Scope note: This property identifies a super-Type to which an E55 Type is related. It allows Types to be organised into hierarchies. This is the sense of "broader term generic (BTG)" as defined in ISO 2788 Examples: - dime (E55) has broader term coin (E55) In First Order Logic: P127(x,y) ⊃ E55(x) P127(x,y) ⊃ E55(y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P127_has_broader_term
literal: P127 has broader term

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P127i_has_narrower_term
literal: P127 has narrower term

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P128_carries
literal: Scope note: This property identifies an E90 Symbolic Object carried by an instance of E18 Physical Thing. Examples: - Matthew's paperback copy of Reach for the Sky (E84) carries the text of Reach for the Sky (E73) In First Order Logic: P128(x,y) ⊃ E18(x) P128(x,y) ⊃ E90(y) P128(x,y) ⊃ P130(x,y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P128_carries
literal: P128 carries

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P128i_is_carried_by
literal: P128 is carried by

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P129_is_about
literal: Scope note: This property documents that an E89 Propositional Object has as subject an instance of E1 CRM Entity. This differs from P67 refers to (is referred to by), which refers to an E1 CRM Entity, in that it describes the primary subject or subjects of an E89 Propositional Object. Examples: - The text entitled 'Reach for the sky' (E33) is about Douglas Bader (E21) In First Order Logic: P129(x,y) ⊃ E89(x) P129(x,y) ⊃ E1(y) P129(x,y) ⊃ P67(x,y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P129_is_about
literal: P129 is about

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P129i_is_subject_of
literal: P129 is subject of

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P12_occurred_in_the_presence_of
literal: Scope note: This property describes the active or passive presence of an E77 Persistent Item in an E5 Event without implying any specific role. It connects the history of a thing with the E53 Place and E50 Date of an event. For example, an object may be the desk, now in a museum on which a treaty was signed. The presence of an immaterial thing implies the presence of at least one of its carriers. Examples: - Deckchair 42 (E19) was present at The sinking of the Titanic (E5) In First Order Logic: P12(x,y) ⊃ E5(x) P12(x,y) ⊃ E77(y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P12_occurred_in_the_presence_of
literal: P12 occurred in the presence of

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P12i_was_present_at
literal: P12 was present at

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P130_shows_features_of
literal: Scope note: This property generalises the notions of "copy of" and "similar to" into a directed relationship, where the domain expresses the derivative, if such a direction can be established. Otherwise, the relationship is symmetric. If the reason for similarity is a sort of derivation process, i.e., that the creator has used or had in mind the form of a particular thing during the creation or production, this process should be explicitly modelled. Moreover it expresses similarity in cases that can be stated between two objects only, without historical knowledge about its reasons. Examples: - the Parthenon Frieze on the Acropolis in Athens (E22) shows features of the Original Parthenon Frieze in the British museum (E22). Kind of similarity: Copy (E55) In First Order Logic: P130 (x,y) ⊃ E70(x) P130 (x,y) ⊃ E70(y) P130(x,y,z) ⊃ [P130(x,y) ∧ E55(z)] P130(x,y) ⊃ P130(y,x) Properties: P130.1 kind of similarity: E55 Type

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P130_shows_features_of
literal: P130 shows features of

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P130i_features_are_also_found_on
literal: P130 features are also found on

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P131_is_identified_by
literal: Scope note: This property identifies a name used specifically to identify an E39 Actor. This property is a specialisation of P1 is identified by (identifies) is identified by. Examples: - Tyler Withersopp IV (E39) is identified by "US social security number 619-17-4204" (E82) In First Order Logic: P131(x,y) ⊃ E39(x) P131(x,y) ⊃ E82(y) P131(x,y) ⊃ P1(x,y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P131_is_identified_by
literal: P131 is identified by

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P131i_identifies
literal: P131 identifies

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P134_continued
literal: Scope note: This property associates two instances of E7 Activity, where the domain is considered as an intentional continuation of the range. A continuation of an activity may happen when the continued activity is still ongoing or after the continued activity has completely ended. The continuing activity may have started already before it decided to continue the other one. Continuation implies a coherence of intentions and outcomes of the involved activities. Examples: - the construction of the Kölner Dom (Cologne Cathedral) (E7), abandoned in the 15th century, was continued by construction in the 19th century adapting the initial plans so as to preserve the intended appearance (E7) In First Order Logic: P134(x,y) ⊃ E7(x) P134(x,y)⊃ E7(y) P134(x,y) ⊃ P15(x,y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P134_continued
literal: P134 continued

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P134i_was_continued_by
literal: P134 was continued by

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P137_exemplifies
literal: Scope note: This property allows an item to be declared as a particular example of an E55 Type or taxon The P137.1 in the taxonomic role property of P137 exemplifies (is exemplified by) allows differentiation of taxonomic roles. The taxonomic role renders the specific relationship of this example to the Type, such as "prototypical", "archetypical", "lectotype", etc. The taxonomic role "lectotype" is not associated with the Type Creation (E83) itself, but selected in a later phase. Examples: - Object BM000098044 of the Clayton Herbarium (E20) exemplifies Spigelia marilandica (L.) L. (E55) in the taxonomic role lectotype In First Order Logic: P137(x,y) ⊃ E1(x) P137(x,y) ⊃ E55(y) P137(x,y,z) ⊃ [P137(x,y) ∧ E55(z)] P137(x,y) ⊃ P2(x,y) Properties: P137.1 in the taxonomic role: E55 Type

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P137_exemplifies
literal: P137 exemplifies

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P137i_is_exemplified_by
literal: P137 is exemplified by

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P138_represents
literal: Scope note: This property establishes the relationship between an E36 Visual Item and the entity that it visually represents. Any entity may be represented visually. This property is part of the fully developed path from E24 Physical Man-Made Thing through P65 shows visual item (is shown by), E36 Visual Item, P138 represents (has representation) to E1 CRM Entity, which is shortcut by P62depicts (is depicted by). P138.1 mode of representation allows the nature of the representation to be refined. This property is also used for the relationship between an original and a digitisation of the original by the use of techniques such as digital photography, flatbed or infrared scanning. Digitisation is here seen as a process with a mechanical, causal component rendering the spatial distribution of structural and optical properties of the original and does not necessarily include any visual similarity identifiable by human observation." Properties: P138.1 mode of representation: E55 Type Examples: - the digital file found at http://www.emunch.no/N/full/No-MM_N0001-01.jpg (E73) represents page 1 of Edward Munch's manuscript MM N 1, Munch-museet (E73) mode of representation Digitisation(E55) - The 3D model VAM_A.200-1946_trace_1M.ply (E73) represents Victoria & Albert Museum's Madonna and child sculpture (visual work) A.200-1946 (E22) mode of representation 3D surface (E55) In First Order Logic: P138(x,y) ⊃ E36(x) P138(x,y) ⊃ E1(y) P138(x,y,z) ⊃ [P138(x,y) ∧ E55(z)] P138(x,y) ⊃ P67(x,y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P138_represents
literal: P138 represents

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P138i_has_representation
literal: P138 has representation

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P139_has_alternative_form
literal: Scope note: This property establishes a relationship of equivalence between two instances of E41 Appellation independent from any item identified by them. It is a dynamic asymmetric relationship, where the range expresses the derivative, if such a direction can be established. Otherwise, the relationship is symmetric. The relationship is not transitive. The equivalence applies to all cases of use of an instance of E41 Appellation. Multiple names assigned to an object, which are not equivalent for all things identified with a specific instance of E41 Appellation, should be modelled as repeated values of P1 is identified by (identifies). P139.1 has type allows the type of derivation, such as “transliteration from Latin 1 to ASCII” be refined.. Examples: - "Martin Doerr" (E41) has alternative form "Martin Dörr" (E41) has type Alternate spelling (E55) - "Гончарова, Наталья Сергеевна" (E41) has alternative form "Gončarova, Natal´â Sergeevna" (E41) has type ISO 9:1995 transliteration (E55) - "Αθήνα" has alternative form "Athina" has type transcription. In First Order Logic: P139(x,y) ⊃ E41(x) P139 (x,y) ⊃ E41(y) P139(x,y,z) ⊃ [P139(x,y) ∧ E55(z)] P139(x,y) ⊃ P139(y,x) Properties: P139.1 has type: E55 Type

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P139_has_alternative_form
literal: P139 has alternative form

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P13_destroyed
literal: Scope note: This property allows specific instances of E18 Physical Thing that have been destroyed to be related to a destruction event. Destruction implies the end of an item's life as a subject of cultural documentation – the physical matter of which the item was composed may in fact continue to exist. A destruction event may be contiguous with a Production that brings into existence a derived object composed partly of matter from the destroyed object. Examples: - the Tay Bridge Desaster (E6) destroyed The Tay Bridge (E22) In First Order Logic: P13 (x,y) ⊃ E6 (x) P13 (x,y) ⊃ E18(y) P13 (x,y) ⊃ P93(x,y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P13_destroyed
literal: P13 destroyed

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P13i_was_destroyed_by
literal: P13 was destroyed by

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P140_assigned_attribute_to
literal: Scope note: This property indicates the item to which an attribute or relation is assigned. Examples: - February 1997 Current Ownership Assessment of Martin Doerr's silver cup (E13) assigned attribute to Martin Doerr's silver cup (E19) - 01 June 1997 Identifier Assignment of the silver cup donated by Martin Doerr (E15) assigned attribute to silver cup 232 (E19) In First Order Logic: P140(x,y) ⊃ E13(x) P140(x,y) ⊃ E1(y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P140_assigned_attribute_to
literal: P140 assigned attribute to

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P140i_was_attributed_by
literal: P140 was attributed by

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P141_assigned
literal: Scope note: This property indicates the attribute that was assigned or the item that was related to the item denoted by a property P140 assigned attribute to in an Attribute assignment action. Examples: - February 1997 Current Ownership Assessment of Martin Doerr's silver cup (E13) assigned Martin Doerr (E21) - 01 June 1997 Identifier Assignment of the silver cup donated by Martin Doerr (E15) assigned object identifier 232 In First Order Logic: P141(x,y) ⊃ E13(x) P141(x,y) ⊃ E1(y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P141_assigned
literal: P141 assigned

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P141i_was_assigned_by
literal: P141 was assigned by

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P148_has_component
literal: Scope note: This property associates an instance of E89 Propositional Object with a structural part of it that is by itself an instance of E89 Propositional Object. Examples: - Dante's "Divine Comedy" (E89) has component Dante's "Hell" (E89) In First Order Logic: P148(x,y) ⊃ E89(x) P148(x,y) ⊃ E89(y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P148_has_component
literal: P148 has component

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P148i_is_component_of
literal: P148 is component of

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P149_is_identified_by
literal: Scope note: This property identifies an instance of E28 Conceptual Object using an instance of E75 Conceptual Object Appellation. Examples: - The German edition of the CIDOC CRM (E73) is identified by ISBN 978-3-00-030907-6 (E75) In First Order Logic: P149(x,y) ⊃ E28(x) P149(x,y) ⊃ E75(y) P149(x,y) ⊃ P1(x,y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P149_is_identified_by
literal: P149 is identified by

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P149i_identifies
literal: P149 identifies

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P14_carried_out_by
literal: Scope note: This property describes the active participation of an E39 Actor in an E7 Activity. It implies causal or legal responsibility. The P14.1 in the role of property of the property allows the nature of an Actor's participation to be specified. Examples: - the painting of the Sistine Chapel (E7) carried out by Michaelangelo Buonaroti (E21) in the role of master craftsman (E55) In First Order Logic: P14 (x,y) ⊃ E7(x) P14 (x,y)⊃ E39(y) P14 (x,y) ⊃ P11(x,y) P14(x,y,z) ⊃ [P14(x,y) ∧ E55(z)]

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P14_carried_out_by
literal: P14 carried out by

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P14i_performed
literal: P14 performed

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P150_defines_typical_parts_of
literal: Scope note: This property associates an instance of E55 Type “A” with an instance of E55 Type “B”, when items of type “A” typically form part of items of type “B”, such as “car motors” and “cars”. It allows types to be organised into hierarchies based on one type describing a typical part of another. This property is equivalent to "broader term partitive (BTP)" as defined in ISO 2788 and “broaderPartitive” in SKOS. Examples: - Car motors (E55) defines typical parts of cars (E55) In First Order Logic: P150(x,y) ⊃ (E55 Type) P150(x,y) ⊃ E55(y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P150_defines_typical_parts_of
literal: P150 defines typical parts of

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P150i_defines_typical_wholes_for
literal: P150 defines typical wholes for

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P152_has_parent
literal: Scope note: This property associates an instance of E21 Person with another instance of E21 Person who plays the role of the first instance’s parent, regardless of whether the relationship is biological parenthood, assumed or pretended biological parenthood or an equivalent legal status of rights and obligations obtained by a social or legal act. This property is, among others, a shortcut of the fully developed paths from ‘E21Person’ through ‘P98i was born’, ‘E67 Birth’, ‘P96 by mother’ to ‘E21 Person’, and from ‘E21Person’ through ‘P98i was born’, ‘E67 Birth’, ‘P97 from father’ to ‘E21 Person’. Examples: - Gaius Octavius (E29) has parent Julius Caesar (E29) - Steve Jobs (E29) has parent Joanne Simpson (biological mother)(E29) - Steve Jobs (E29) has parent Clara Jobs (adoption mother) (E29) In First Order Logic: P152(x,y) ⊃ E21(x) P152(x,y) ⊃ E21(y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P152_has_parent
literal: P152 has parent

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P152i_is_parent_of
literal: P152 is parent of

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P156_occupies
literal: Scope note: This property describes the largest volume in space that an instance of E18 Physical Thing has occupied at any time during its existence, with respect to the reference space relative to itself. This allows you to describe the thing itself as a place that may contain other things, such as a box that may contain coins. In other words, it is the volume that contains all the points which the thing has covered at some time during its existence. In the case of an E26 Physical Feature the default reference space is the one in which the object that bears the feature or at least the surrounding matter of the feature is at rest. In this case there is a 1:1 relation of E26 Feature and E53 Place. For simplicity of implementation multiple inheritance (E26 Feature IsA E53 Place) may be a practical approach. For instances of E19 Physical Objects the default reference space is the one which is at rest to the object itself, i.e. which moves together with the object. We include in the occupied space the space filled by the matter of the physical thing and all its inner spaces. This property is a subproperty of P161 has spatial projection because it refers to its own domain as reference space for its range, whereas P161 has spatial projection may refer to a place in terms of any reference space. For some instances of E18 Physical Object the relative stability of form may not be sufficient to define a useful local reference space, for instance for an amoeba. In such cases the fully developed path to an external reference space and using a temporal validity component may be adequate to determine the place they have occupied. In contrast to P156 occupies, the property P53 has former or current location identifies an instance of E53 Place at which a thing is or has been for some unspecified time span. Further it does not constrain the reference space of the referred instance of P53 Place. In First Order Logic: P156 (x,y) = [E18(x) ∧ E53(y) ∧ P161(x,y) ∧ P157(y,x)]

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P156_occupies
literal: P156 occupies

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P157_is_at_rest_relative_to
literal: Scope note: This property associates an instance of E53 Place with the instance of E18 Physical Thing that determines a reference space for this instance of E53 Place by being at rest with respect to this reference space. The relative stability of form of an E18 Physical Thing defines its default reference space. The reference space is not spatially limited to the referred thing. For example, a ship determines a reference space in terms of which other ships in its neighbourhood may be described. Larger constellations of matter, such as continental plates, may comprise many physical features that are at rest with them and define the same reference space. Examples: - The spatial extent of the municipality of Athens in 2014 (E53) is at rest relative to The Royal Observatory in Greenwich (E25) - The place where Lord Nelson died on H.M.S. Victory (E53) is at rest relative to H.M.S. Victory (E22) In First Order Logic: P157(x,y) ⊃ E53(x) P157(x,y) ⊃ E18(y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P157_is_at_rest_relative_to
literal: P157 is at rest relative to

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P157i_provides_reference_space_for
literal: P157 provides reference space for

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P15_was_influenced_by
literal: Scope note: This is a high level property, which captures the relationship between an E7 Activity and anything that may have had some bearing upon it. The property has more specific sub properties. Examples: - the designing of the Sydney Harbour Bridge (E7) was influenced by the Tyne bridge (E22) FOL: P15 (x,y) ⊃ E7(x) P15 (x,y) ⊃ E1(y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P15_was_influenced_by
literal: P15 was influenced by

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P15i_influenced
literal: P15 influenced

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P165_incorporates
literal: Scope note: This property associates an instance of E73 Information Object with an instance of E90 Symbolic Object (or any of its subclasses) that was included in it. This property makes it possible to recognise the autonomous status of the incorporated signs, which were created in a distinct context, and can be incorporated in many distinct self-contained expressions, and to highlight the difference between structural and accidental whole-part relationships between conceptual entities. It accounts for many cultural facts that are quite frequent and significant: the inclusion of a poem in an anthology, the re-use of an operatic aria in a new opera, the use of a reproduction of a painting for a book cover or a CD booklet, the integration of textual quotations, the presence of lyrics in a song that sets those lyrics to music, the presence of the text of a play in a movie based on that play, etc. In particular, this property allows for modelling relationships of different levels of symbolic specificity, such as the natural language words making up a particular text, the characters making up the words and punctuation, the choice of fonts and page layout for the characters. A digital photograph of a manuscript page incorporates the text of the manuscript page It is an implicit transitive property. Examples: - The content of Charles-Moïse Briquet’s ‘Les Filigranes: dictionnaire historique des marques du papier’ (E32) P165 incorporates the visual aspect of the watermark used around 1358-61 by some Spanish papermaker(s) and identified as ‘Briquet 4019’ (E37) - The visual content of Jacopo Amigoni’s painting known as ‘The Singer Farinelli and friends’ (E38) P165 incorporates the musical notation of Farinelli’s musical work entitled ‘La Partenza’ (E73) - The visual content of Nicolas Poussin’s painting entitled ‘Les Bergers d’Arcadie’ (E38) P165 incorporates the Latin phrase ‘Et in Arcadia ego’ (E33) In First Order Logic: P165(x,y) ⊃ E73(x) P165(x,y) ⊃ E90(y) P165(x,y) ⊃ P106…

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P168_place_is_defined_by
literal: Scope note: This property associates an instance of E53 Place with an instance of E94 Space Primitive that defines it. Syntactic variants or use of different scripts may result in multiple instances of E94 Space Primitive defining exactly the same place. Transformations between different reference systems in general result in new definitions of places approximating each other and not in alternative definitions. Note that it is possible for a place to be defined by phenomena causal to it or other forms of identification rather than by an instance of E94 Space Primitive. In this case, this property must not be used for approximating the respective instance of E53 Place with an instance of E94 Space Primitive. In First Order Logic: P168(x,y) ⊃ E53(x) P168(x,y) ⊃ E94(y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P16_used_specific_object
literal: Scope note: This property describes the use of material or immaterial things in a way essential to the performance or the outcome of an E7 Activity. This property typically applies to tools, instruments, moulds, raw materials and items embedded in a product. It implies that the presence of the object in question was a necessary condition for the action. For example, the activity of writing this text required the use of a computer. An immaterial thing can be used if at least one of its carriers is present. For example, the software tools on a computer. Another example is the use of a particular name by a particular group of people over some span to identify a thing, such as a settlement. In this case, the physical carriers of this name are at least the people understanding its use. Examples: - the writing of this scope note (E7) used specific object Nicholas Crofts' computer (E22) mode of use Typing Tool; Storage Medium (E55) - the people of Iraq calling the place identified by TGN '7017998' (E7) used specific object "Quyunjig" (E44) mode of use Current; Vernacular (E55) FOL: P16 (x,y) ⊃ E7(x) P16 (x,y) ⊃ E70(y) P16 (x,y) ⊃ P12(x,y) P16 (x,y) ⊃ P15(x,y) P16(x,y,z) ⊃ [P16(x,y) ∧ E55(z)]

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P16_used_specific_object
literal: P16 used specific object

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P16i_was_used_for
literal: P16 was used for

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P17_was_motivated_by
literal: Scope note: This property describes an item or items that are regarded as a reason for carrying out the E7 Activity. For example, the discovery of a large hoard of treasure may call for a celebration, an order from head quarters can start a military manoeuvre. Examples: - the resignation of the chief executive (E7) was motivated by the collapse of Swiss Air (E68). - the coronation of Elizabeth II (E7) was motivated by the death of George VI (E69) FOL: P17(x,y) ⊃ E7(x) P17(x,y) ⊃ E1(y) P17 (x,y) ⊃ P15(x,y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P17_was_motivated_by
literal: P17 was motivated by

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P17i_motivated
literal: P17 motivated

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P19_was_intended_use_of
literal: Scope note: This property relates an E7 Activity with objects created specifically for use in the activity. This is distinct from the intended use of an item in some general type of activity such as the book of common prayer which was intended for use in Church of England services (see P101 had as general use (was use of)). Examples: - Lady Diana Spencer's wedding dress (E71) was made for Wedding of Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer (E7) mode of use To Be Worn (E55) FOL: P19(x,y) ⊃ E7(x) P19(x,y) ⊃ E71(y) P19(x,y,z) ⊃ [P19(x,y) ∧ E55(z)] Properties: P19.1 mode of use: E55 Type

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P19_was_intended_use_of
literal: P19 was intended use of

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P19i_was_made_for
literal: P19 was made for

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P1_is_identified_by
literal: Scope note: This property describes the naming or identification of any real world item by a name or any other identifier. This property is intended for identifiers in general use, which form part of the world the model intends to describe, and not merely for internal database identifiers which are specific to a technical system, unless these latter also have a more general use outside the technical context. This property includes in particular identification by mathematical expressions such as coordinate systems used for the identification of instances of E53 Place. The property does not reveal anything about when, where and by whom this identifier was used. A more detailed representation can be made using the fully developed (i.e. indirect) path through E15 Identifier Assignment. Examples: - the capital of Italy (E53) is identified by "Rome" (E48) - text 25014-32 (E33) is identified by "The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire" (E35) In First Order Logic: P1(x,y) ⊃ E1(x) P1(x,y) ⊃ E41(y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P1_is_identified_by
literal: P1 is identified by

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P1i_identifies
literal: P1 identifies

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P20_had_specific_purpose
literal: Scope note: This property identifies the relationship between a preparatory activity and the event it is intended to be preparation for. This includes activities, orders and other organisational actions, taken in preparation for other activities or events. P20 had specific purpose (was purpose of) implies that an activity succeeded in achieving its aim. If it does not succeed, such as the setting of a trap that did not catch anything, one may document the unrealized intention using P21 had general purpose (was purpose of):E55 Type and/or P33 used specific technique (was used by): E29 Design or Procedure. Examples: - Van Eyck's pigment grinding in 1432 (E7) had specific purpose the painting of the Ghent altar piece (E12) In First Order Logic: P21(x,y) ⊃ E7(x) P21(x,y) ⊃ E55(y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P20_had_specific_purpose
literal: P20 had specific purpose

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P20i_was_purpose_of
literal: P20 was purpose of

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P21_had_general_purpose
literal: Scope note: This property describes an intentional relationship between an E7 Activity and some general goal or purpose. This may involve activities intended as preparation for some type of activity or event. P21had general purpose (was purpose of) differs from P20 had specific purpose (was purpose of) in that no occurrence of an event is implied as the purpose. Examples: - Van Eyck's pigment grinding (E7) had general purpose painting (E55) - the setting of trap 2742 on May 17th 1874 (E7) had general purpose Catching Moose (E55) (Activity type In First Order Logic: P21(x,y) ⊃ E7(x) P21(x,y) ⊃ E55(y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P21_had_general_purpose
literal: P21 had general purpose

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P21i_was_purpose_of
literal: P21 was purpose of

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P2_has_type
literal: Scope note: This property allows sub typing of CRM entities - a form of specialisation – through the use of a terminological hierarchy, or thesaurus. The CRM is intended to focus on the high-level entities and relationships needed to describe data structures. Consequently, it does not specialise entities any further than is required for this immediate purpose. However, entities in the isA hierarchy of the CRM may by specialised into any number of sub entities, which can be defined in the E55 Type hierarchy. E51 Contact Point, for example, may be specialised into "e-mail address", "telephone number", "post office box", "URL" etc. none of which figures explicitly in the CRM hierarchy. Sub typing obviously requires consistency between the meaning of the terms assigned and the more general intent of the CRM entity in question. Examples: - "enquiries@cidoc-crm.org" (E51) has type e-mail address (E55) In First Order Logic: P2(x,y) ⊃ E1(x) P2(x,y) ⊃ E55(y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P2_has_type
literal: P2 has type

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P2i_is_type_of
literal: P2 is type of

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P31_has_modified
literal: Scope note: This property identifies the E24 Physical Man-Made Thing modified in an E11 Modification. If a modification is applied to a non-man-made object, it is regarded as an E22 Man-Made Object from that time onwards. Examples: - rebuilding of the Reichstag (E11) has modified the Reichstag in Berlin (E24) In First Order Logic: P31(x,y) ⊃ E11(x) P31(x,y) ⊃ E24(y) P31(x,y) ⊃ P12(x,y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P31_has_modified
literal: P31 has modified

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P31i_was_modified_by
literal: P31 was modified by

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P32_used_general_technique
literal: Scope note: This property identifies the technique or method that was employed in an activity. These techniques should be drawn from an external E55 Type hierarchy of consistent terminology of general techniques or methods such as embroidery, oil-painting, carbon dating, etc. Specific documented techniques should be described as instances of E29 Design or Procedure. This property identifies the technique that was employed in an act of modification. Examples: - ornamentation of silver cup 113 (E11) used general technique gold-plating (E55) (Design or Procedure Type) In First Order Logic: P32(x,y) ⊃ E7(x) P32(x,y) ⊃ E55(y) P32(x,y) ⊃ P125(x,y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P32_used_general_technique
literal: P32 used general technique

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P32i_was_technique_of
literal: P32 was technique of

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P33_used_specific_technique
literal: Scope note: This property identifies a specific instance of E29 Design or Procedure in order to carry out an instance of E7 Activity or parts of it. The property differs from P32 used general technique (was technique of) in that P33 refers to an instance of E29 Design or Procedure, which is a concrete information object in its own right rather than simply being a term or a method known by tradition. Typical examples would include intervention plans for conservation or the construction plans of a building Examples: - Ornamentation of silver cup 232 (E11) used specific technique 'Instructions for golden chase work by A N Other' (E29) - Rebuilding of Reichstag (E11) used specific technique Architectural plans by Foster and Partners (E29) In First Order Logic: P33(x,y) ⊃ E7(x) P33(x,y) ⊃ E29(y) P33(x,y) ⊃ P16(x,y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P33_used_specific_technique
literal: P33 used specific technique

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P33i_was_used_by
literal: P33 was used by

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P3_has_note
literal: Scope note: This property is a container for all informal descriptions about an object that have not been expressed in terms of CRM constructs. In particular it captures the characterisation of the item itself, its internal structures, appearance etc. Like property P2 has type (is type of), this property is a consequence of the restricted focus of the CRM. The aim is not to capture, in a structured form, everything that can be said about an item; indeed, the CRM formalism is not regarded as sufficient to express everything that can be said. Good practice requires use of distinct note fields for different aspects of a characterisation. The P3.1 has type property of P3 has note allows differentiation of specific notes, e.g. "construction", "decoration" etc. An item may have many notes, but a note is attached to a specific item. Examples: - coffee mug - OXCMS:1983.1.1 (E19) has note "chipped at edge of handle" (E62) has type Condition (E55) In First Order Logic: P3(x,y) ⊃ E1(x) P3(x,y) ⊃ E62(y) P3(x,y,z) ⊃ [P3(x,y) ∧ E55(z)] Properties: P3.1 has type: E55 Type

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P3_has_note
literal: P3 has note

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P43_has_dimension
literal: Scope note: This property records a E54 Dimension of some E70 Thing. It is a shortcut of the more fully developed path from E70 Thing through P39 measured (was measured by), E16 Measurement P40 observed dimension (was observed in) to E54 Dimension. It offers no information about how and when an E54 Dimension was established, nor by whom. An instance of E54 Dimension is specific to an instance of E70 Thing. Examples: - silver cup 232 (E22) has dimension height of silver cup 232 (E54) has unit (P91) mm (E58), has value (P90) 224 (E60) In First Order Logic: P43(x,y) ⊃ E70(x) P43(x,y) ⊃ E54(y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P43_has_dimension
literal: P43 has dimension

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P43i_is_dimension_of
literal: P43 is dimension of

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P45_consists_of
literal: Scope note: This property identifies the instances of E57 Materials of which an instance of E18 Physical Thing is composed. All physical things consist of physical materials. P45 consists of (is incorporated in) allows the different Materials to be recorded. P45 consists of (is incorporated in) refers here to observed Material as opposed to the consumed raw material. A Material, such as a theoretical alloy, may not have any physical instances. Examples: - silver cup 232 (E22) consists of silver (E57) In First Order Logic: P45(x,y) ⊃ E18(x) P45(x,y) ⊃ E57(y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P45_consists_of
literal: P45 consists of

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P45i_is_incorporated_in
literal: P45 is incorporated in

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P46_is_composed_of
literal: Scope note: This property allows instances of E18 Physical Thing to be analysed into component elements. Component elements, since they are themselves instances of E18 Physical Thing, may be further analysed into sub-components, thereby creating a hierarchy of part decomposition. An instance of E18 Physical Thing may be shared between multiple wholes, for example two buildings may share a common wall. This property does not specify when and for how long a component element resided in the respective whole. If a component is not part of a whole from the beginning of existence or until the end of existence of the whole, the classes E79 Part Addition and E90 Part Removal can be used to document when a component became part of a particular whole and/or when it stopped being a part of it. For the time-span of being part of the respective whole, the component is completely contained in the place the whole occupies. This property is intended to describe specific components that are individually documented, rather than general aspects. Overall descriptions of the structure of an instance of E18 Physical Thing are captured by the P3 has note property. The instances of E57 Material of which an item of E18 Physical Thing is composed should be documented using P45 consists of (is incorporated in). Examples: - the Royal carriage (E22) forms part of the Royal train (E22) - the "Hog's Back" (E24) forms part of the "Fosseway" (E24) In First Order Logic: P46(x,y) ⊃ E18(x) P46(x,y) ⊃ E18(y) P46(x,y) ⊃ P132(x,y) P46(x,y) ⊃ (uzw)[E93(u) ∧ P166 (x,u) ∧ E52(z) ∧ P164(u,z) ∧ E93(w) ∧ P166 (y,w) ∧ P164(w,z) ∧ P10(w,u)]

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P46_is_composed_of
literal: P46 is composed of

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P46i_forms_part_of
literal: P46 forms part of

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P48_has_preferred_identifier
literal: Scope note: This property records the preferred E42 Identifier that was used to identify an instance of E1 CRM Entity at the time this property was recorded. More than one preferred identifier may have been assigned to an item over time. Use of this property requires an external mechanism for assigning temporal validity to the respective CRM instance. P48 has preferred identifier (is preferred identifier of), is a shortcut for the path from E1 CRM Entity through P140 assigned attribute to (was attributed by), E15 Identifier Assignment, P37 assigned (was assigned by) to E42 Identifier. The fact that an identifier is a preferred one for an organisation can be better expressed in a context independent form by assigning a suitable E55 Type to the respective instance of E15 Identifier Assignment using the P2 has type property. Examples: - the pair of Lederhosen donated by Dr Martin Doerr (E22) has preferred identifier "OXCMS:2001.1.32" (E42) In First Order Logic: P48(x,y) ⊃ E1(x) P48(x,y) ⊃ E42(y) P48(x,y) ⊃ P1(x,y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P48_has_preferred_identifier
literal: P48 has preferred identifier

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P48i_is_preferred_identifier_of
literal: P48 is preferred identifier of

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P49_has_former_or_current_keeper
literal: Scope note: This property identifies the E39 Actor or Actors who have or have had custody of an instance of E18 Physical Thing at some time. The distinction with P50 has current keeper (is current keeper of) is that P49 has former or current keeper (is former or current keeper of) leaves open the question as to whether the specified keepers are current. P49 has former or current keeper (is former or current keeper of) is a shortcut for the more detailed path from E18 Physical Thing through P30 transferred custody of (custody transferred through), E10 Transfer of Custody, P28 custody surrendered by (surrendered custody through) or P29 custody received by (received custody through) to E39 Actor. Examples: - paintings from The Iveagh Bequest (E18) has former or current keeper Secure Deliveries Inc. (E40) In First Order Logic: P49(x,y) ⊃ E18(x) P49(x,y) ⊃ E39(y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P49_has_former_or_current_keeper
literal: P49 has former or current keeper

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P49i_is_former_or_current_keeper_of
literal: P49 is former or current keeper of

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P4_has_time-span
literal: Scope note: This property describes the temporal confinement of an instance of an E2 Temporal Entity. The related E52 Time-Span is understood as the real Time-Span during which the phenomena were active, which make up the temporal entity instance. It does not convey any other meaning than a positioning on the "time-line" of chronology. The Time-Span in turn is approximated by a set of dates (E61 Time Primitive). A temporal entity can have in reality only one Time-Span, but there may exist alternative opinions about it, which we would express by assigning multiple Time-Spans. Related temporal entities may share a Time-Span. Time-Spans may have completely unknown dates but other descriptions by which we can infer knowledge. Examples: - the Yalta Conference (E7) has time-span Yalta Conference time-span (E52) In First Order Logic: P4(x,y) ⊃ E2(x) P4(x,y) ⊃ E52(y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P4_has_time-span
literal: P4 has time-span

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P4i_is_time-span_of
literal: P4 is time-span of

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P50_has_current_keeper
literal: Scope note: This property identifies the E39 Actor or Actors who had custody of an instance of E18 Physical Thing at the time of validity of the record or database containing the statement that uses this property. P50 has current keeper (is current keeper of) is a shortcut for the more detailed path from E18 Physical Thing through P30 transferred custody of (custody transferred through), E10 Transfer of Custody, P29 custody received by (received custody through) to E39 Actor. Examples: - painting from The Iveagh Bequest (E18) has current keeper The National Gallery (E40) In First Order Logic: P50(x,y) ⊃ E18(x) P50(x,y) ⊃ E39(y) P50(x,y) ⊃ P49(x,y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P50_has_current_keeper
literal: P50 has current keeper

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P50i_is_current_keeper_of
literal: P50 is current keeper of

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P51_has_former_or_current_owner
literal: Scope note: This property identifies the E39 Actor that is or has been the legal owner (i.e. title holder) of an instance of E18 Physical Thing at some time. The distinction with P52 has current owner (is current owner of) is that P51 has former or current owner (is former or current owner of) does not indicate whether the specified owners are current. P51 has former or current owner (is former or current owner of) is a shortcut for the more detailed path from E18 Physical Thing through P24 transferred title of (changed ownership through), E8 Acquisition, P23 transferred title from (surrendered title through), or P22 transferred title to (acquired title through) to E39 Actor. Examples: - paintings from the Iveagh Bequest (E18) has former or current owner Lord Iveagh (E21) In First Order Logic: P51(x,y) ⊃ E18(x) P51(x,y) ⊃ E39(y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P51_has_former_or_current_owner
literal: P51 has former or current owner

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P51i_is_former_or_current_owner_of
literal: P51 is former or current owner of

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P52_has_current_owner
literal: Scope note: This property identifies the E21 Person, E74 Group or E40 Legal Body that was the owner of an instance of E18 Physical Thing at the time of validity of the record or database containing the statement that uses this property. P52 has current owner (is current owner of) is a shortcut for the more detailed path from E18 Physical Thing through P24 transferred title of (changed ownership through), E8 Acquisition, P22 transferred title to (acquired title through) to E39 Actor, if and only if this acquisition event is the most recent. Examples: - paintings from the Iveagh Bequest (E18) has current owner «English Heritage» (E40) In First Order Logic: P52 (x,y) ⊃ E18(x) P52 (x,y) ⊃ E39(y) P52(x,y) ⊃ P51(x,y) P52(x,y) ⊃ P105(x,y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P52_has_current_owner
literal: P52 has current owner

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P52i_is_current_owner_of
literal: P52 is current owner of

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P53_has_former_or_current_location
literal: Scope note: This property allows an instance of E53 Place to be associated as the former or current location of an instance of E18 Physical Thing. In the case of E19 Physical Objects, the property does not allow any indication of the Time-Span during which the Physical Object was located at this Place, nor if this is the current location. In the case of immobile objects, the Place would normally correspond to the Place of creation. P53 has former or current location (is former or current location of) is a shortcut. A more detailed representation can make use of the fully developed (i.e. indirect) path from E19 Physical Object through P25 moved (moved by), E9 Move, P26 moved to (was destination of) or P27 moved from (was origin of) to E53 Place. Examples: - silver cup 232 (E22) has former or current location Display Case 4, Room 23, Museum of Oxford (E53) In First Order Logic: P53(x,y) ⊃ E18(x) P53(x,y) ⊃ E53(y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P53_has_former_or_current_location
literal: P53 has former or current location

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P53i_is_former_or_current_location_of
literal: P53 is former or current location of

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P54_has_current_permanent_location
literal: Scope note: This property records the foreseen permanent location of an instance of E19 Physical Object at the time of validity of the record or database containing the statement that uses this property. P54 has current permanent location (is current permanent location of) is similar to P55 has current location (currently holds). However, it indicates the E53 Place currently reserved for an object, such as the permanent storage location or a permanent exhibit location. The object may be temporarily removed from the permanent location, for example when used in temporary exhibitions or loaned to another institution. The object may never actually be located at its permanent location. Examples: - silver cup 232 (E22) has current permanent location Shelf 3.1, Store 2, Museum of Oxford (E53)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P54_has_current_permanent_location
literal: P54 has current permanent location

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P54i_is_current_permanent_location_of
literal: P54 is current permanent location of

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P55_has_current_location
literal: Scope note: This property records the location of an E19 Physical Object at the time of validity of the record or database containing the statement that uses this property. This property is a specialisation of P53 has former or current location (is former or current location of). It indicates that the E53 Place associated with the E19 Physical Object is the current location of the object. The property does not allow any indication of how long the Object has been at the current location. P55 has current location (currently holds) is a shortcut. A more detailed representation can make use of the fully developed (i.e. indirect) path from E19 Physical Object through P25 moved (moved by), E9 Move P26 moved to (was destination of) to E53 Place if and only if this Move is the most recent. Examples: - silver cup 232 (E22) has current location Display cabinet 23, Room 4, British Museum (E53) In First Order Logic: P55(x,y) ⊃ E19(x) P55(x,y) ⊃ E53(y) P55(x,y) ⊃ P53(x,y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P55_has_current_location
literal: P55 has current location

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P55i_currently_holds
literal: P55 currently holds

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P56_bears_feature
literal: Scope note: This property links an instance of E19 Physical Object to an instance of E26 Physical Feature that it bears. An E26 Physical Feature can only exist on one object. One object may bear more than one E26 Physical Feature. An E27 Site should be considered as an E26 Physical Feature on the surface of the Earth. An instance B of E26 Physical Feature being a detail of the structure of another instance A of E26 Physical Feature can be linked to B by use of the property P46 is composed of (forms part of). This implies that the subfeature B is P56i found on the same E19 Physical Object as A. P56 bears feature (is found on) is a shortcut. A more detailed representation can make use of the fully developed (i.e. indirect) path from E19 Physical Object through P59 has section (is located on or within), E53 Place, P53 has former or current location (is former or current location of) to E26 Physical Feature. Examples: - silver cup 232 (E22) bears feature 32 mm scratch on silver cup 232 (E26) In First Order Logic: P56(x,y) ⊃E19(x) P56(x,y) ⊃ E26(y) P56(x,y) ⊃ P46(x,y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P56_bears_feature
literal: P56 bears feature

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P56i_is_found_on
literal: P56 is found on

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P57_has_number_of_parts
literal: Scope note: This property documents the E60 Number of parts of which an instance of E19 Physical Object is composed. This may be used as a method of checking inventory counts with regard to aggregate or collective objects. What constitutes a part or component depends on the context and requirements of the documentation. Normally, the parts documented in this way would not be considered as worthy of individual attention. For a more complete description, objects may be decomposed into their components and constituents using P46 is composed of (forms parts of) and P45 consists of (is incorporated in). This allows each element to be described individually. Examples: - chess set 233 (E22) has number of parts 33 (E60) In First Order Logic: P57(x,y) ⊃ E19(x) P57(x,y) ⊃ E60(y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P57_has_number_of_parts
literal: P57 has number of parts

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P58_has_section_definition
literal: Scope note: This property links an area (section) named by a E46 Section Definition to the instance of E18 Physical Thing upon which it is found. The CRM handles sections as locations (instances of E53 Place) within or on E18 Physical Thing that are identified by E46 Section Definitions. Sections need not be discrete and separable components or parts of an object. This is part of a more developed path from E18 Physical Thing through P58, E46 Section Definition, P87 is identified by (identifies) that allows a more precise definition of a location found on an object than the shortcut P59 has section (is located on or within). A particular instance of a Section Definition only applies to one instance of Physical Thing. Examples: - HMS Victory (E22) has section definition "poop deck of HMS Victory" (E46) In First Order Logic: P58(x,y) ⊃ E18(x) P58(x,y) ⊃ E46(y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P58_has_section_definition
literal: P58 has section definition

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P58i_defines_section
literal: P58 defines section

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P59_has_section
literal: Scope note: This property links an area to the instance of E18 Physical Thing upon which it is found. It is typically used when a named E46 Section Definition is not appropriate. E18 Physical Thing may be subdivided into arbitrary regions. P59 has section (is located on or within) is a shortcut. If the E53 Place is identified by a Section Definition, a more detailed representation can make use of the fully developed (i.e. indirect) path from E18 Physical Thing through P58 has section definition (defines section), E46 Section Definition, P87 is identified by (identifies) to E53 Place. A Place can only be located on or within one Physical Object. Examples: - HMS Victory (E22) has section HMS Victory section B347.6 (E53) In First Order Logic: P59(x,y) ⊃ E18(x) P59(x,y) ⊃ E53(y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P59_has_section
literal: P59 has section

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P59i_is_located_on_or_within
literal: P59 is located on or within

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P62_depicts
literal: Scope note: This property identifies something that is depicted by an instance of E24 Physical Man-Made Thing. Depicting is meant in the sense that the surface of the E24 Physical Man-Made Thing shows, through its passive optical qualities or form, a representation of the entity depicted. It does not pertain to inscriptions or any other information encoding. This property is a shortcut of the more fully developed path from E24 Physical Man-Made Thing through P65 shows visual item (is shown by), E36 Visual Item, P138 represents (has representation) to E1CRM Entity. P62.1 mode of depiction allows the nature of the depiction to be refined. Examples: - The painting "La Liberté guidant le peuple" by Eugène Delacroix (E84) depicts the French "July Revolution" of 1830 (E7) - the 20 pence coin held by the Department of Coins and Medals of the British Museum under registration number 2006,1101.126 (E24) depicts Queen Elizabeth II (E21) mode of depiction Profile (E55) In First Order Logic: P62(x,y) ⊃ E24(x) P62(x,y) ⊃ E1(y) P62(x,y,z) ⊃ [P62(x,y) ∧ E55(z)] Properties: P62.1 mode of depiction: E55 Type

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P62_depicts
literal: P62 depicts

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P62i_is_depicted_by
literal: P62 is depicted by

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P65_shows_visual_item
literal: Scope note: This property documents an E36 Visual Item shown by an instance of E24 Physical Man-Made Thing. This property is similar to P62 depicts (is depicted by) in that it associates an item of E24 Physical Man-Made Thing with a visual representation. However, P65 shows visual item (is shown by) differs from the P62 depicts (is depicted by) property in that it makes no claims about what the E36 Visual Item is deemed to represent. E36 Visual Item identifies a recognisable image or visual symbol, regardless of what this image may or may not represent. For example, all recent British coins bear a portrait of Queen Elizabeth II, a fact that is correctly documented using P62 depicts (is depicted by). Different portraits have been used at different periods, however. P65 shows visual item (is shown by) can be used to refer to a particular portrait. P65 shows visual item (is shown by) may also be used for Visual Items such as signs, marks and symbols, for example the 'Maltese Cross' or the 'copyright symbol’ that have no particular representational content. This property is part of the fully developed path from E24 Physical Man-Made Thing through P65 shows visual item (is shown by), E36 Visual Item, P138 represents (has representation) to E1 CRM Entity which is shortcut by, P62 depicts (is depicted by). Examples: - My T-Shirt (E22) shows visual item Mona Lisa (E38) In First Order Logic: P65(x,y) ⊃ E24(x) P65(x,y) ⊃ E36(y) P65(x,y) ⊃ P128(x,y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P65_shows_visual_item
literal: P65 shows visual item

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P65i_is_shown_by
literal: P65 is shown by

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P67_refers_to
literal: Scope note: This property documents that an E89 Propositional Object makes a statement about an instance of E1 CRM Entity. P67 refers to (is referred to by) has the P67.1 has type link to an instance of E55 Type. This is intended to allow a more detailed description of the type of reference. This differs from P129 is about (is subject of), which describes the primary subject or subjects of the E89 Propositional Object. Examples: - the eBay auction listing for 4 July 2002 (E73) refers to silver cup 232 (E22) has type item for sale (E55) In First Order Logic: P67(x,y) ⊃ E89(x) P67(x,y) ⊃ E1(y) P67(x,y,z) ⊃ [P67(x,y) ∧ E55(z)] Properties: P67.1 has type: E55 Type

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P67_refers_to
literal: P67 refers to

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P67i_is_referred_to_by
literal: P67 is referred to by

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P68_foresees_use_of
literal: Scope note: This property identifies an E57 Material foreseeen to be used by an E29 Design or Procedure. E29 Designs and procedures commonly foresee the use of particular E57 Materials. The fabrication of adobe bricks, for example, requires straw, clay and water. This property enables this to be documented. This property is not intended for the documentation of E57 Materials that were used on a particular occasion when an instance of E29 Design or Procedure was executed. Examples: - procedure for soda glass manufacture (E29) foresees use of soda (E57) In First Order Logic: P68(x,y) ⊃ E29(x) P68(x,y) ⊃ E57(y) P68(x,y) ⊃ P67(x,y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P68_foresees_use_of
literal: P68 foresees use of

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P68i_use_foreseen_by
literal: P68 use foreseen by

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P69_has_association_with
literal: Scope note: This property generalises relationships like whole-part, sequence, prerequisite or inspired by between instances of E29 Design or Procedure. Any instance of E29 Design or Procedure may be associated with other designs or procedures. The property is considered to be symmetrical unless otherwise indicated by P69.1 has type. The P69.1 has type property of P69 has association with allows the nature of the association to be specified reading from domain to range; examples of types of association between instances of E29 Design or Procedure include: has part, follows, requires, etc. The property can typically be used to model the decomposition of the description of a complete workflow into a series of separate procedures. Examples: - Procedure for glass blowing (E29) has association with procedure for glass heating (E29) - The set of instructions for performing Macbeth in Max Reinhardt's production in 1916 in Berlin at Deutsches Theater (E29) has association with the scene design drawing by Ernst Stern reproduced at http://www.glopad.org/pi/fr/record/digdoc/1003814 (E29) has type has part (E55) - Preparation of parchment (E29) has association with soaking and unhairing of skin (E29) has type 'has part' (E55). Preparation of parchment (E29) has association with stretching of skin (E29) has type 'has part' (E55). Stretching of skin (E29) has association with soaking and unhairing of skin (E29) has type 'follows' (E55). - The plan for reassembling the temples at Abu Simbel (E29) has association with the plan for storing and transporting the blocks (E29) has type 'follows' (E55)'. In First Order Logic: P69 (x,y) ⊃ E29(x) P69 (x,y) ⊃ E29(y) P69(x,y,z) ⊃ [P69(x,y) ∧ E55(z)] P69(x,y) ⊃P69(y,x) Properties: P69.1 has type: E55 Type

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P69_has_association_with
literal: P69 has association with

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P69i_is_associated_with
literal: P69 is associated with

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P70_documents
literal: Scope note: This property describes the CRM Entities documented by instances of E31 Document. Documents may describe any conceivable entity, hence the link to the highest-level entity in the CRM hierarchy. This property is intended for cases where a reference is regarded as being of a documentary character, in the scholarly or scientific sense. Examples: - the British Museum catalogue (E31) documents the British Museum's Collection (E78) In First Order Logic: P70 (x,y) ⊃ E31(x) P70 (x,y) ⊃ E1(y) P70(x,y) ⊃ P67(x,y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P70_documents
literal: P70 documents

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P70i_is_documented_in
literal: P70 is documented in

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P71_lists
literal: Scope note: This property documents a source E32 Authority Document for an instance of an E1 CRM Entity. Examples: - the Art & Architecture Thesaurus (E32) lists alcazars (E55) In First Order Logic: P71(x,y) ⊃ E32(x) P71(x,y) ⊃ E1(y) P71(x,y) ⊃ P67(x,y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P71_lists
literal: P71 lists

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P71i_is_listed_in
literal: P71 is listed in

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P72_has_language
literal: Scope note: This property describes the E56 Language of an E33 Linguistic Object. Linguistic Objects are composed in one or more human Languages. This property allows these languages to be documented. Examples: - the American Declaration of Independence (E33) has language 18th Century English (E56) In First Order Logic: P72(x,y) ⊃ E33(x) P72(x,y) ⊃ E56(y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P72_has_language
literal: P72 has language

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P72i_is_language_of
literal: P72 is language of

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P73_has_translation
literal: Scope note: This property describes the source and target of instances of E33Linguistic Object involved in a translation. When a Linguistic Object is translated into a new language it becomes a new Linguistic Object, despite being conceptually similar to the source object. Examples: - "Les Baigneurs" (E33) has translation "The Bathers" (E33) In First Order Logic: P73(x,y) ⊃ E33(x) P73(x,y) ⊃ E33(y) P73(x,y) ⊃ P130(y,x)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P73_has_translation
literal: P73 has translation

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P73i_is_translation_of
literal: P73 is translation of

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P74_has_current_or_former_residence
literal: Scope note: This property describes the current or former E53 Place of residence of an E39 Actor. The residence may be either the Place where the Actor resides, or a legally registered address of any kind. Examples: - Queen Elizabeth II (E39) has current or former residence Buckingham Palace (E53) In First Order Logic: P74(x,y) ⊃ E39(x) P74(x,y) ⊃ E53(y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P74_has_current_or_former_residence
literal: P74 has current or former residence

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P74i_is_current_or_former_residence_of
literal: P74 is current or former residence of

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P75_possesses
literal: Scope note: This property identifies former or current instances of E30 Rights held by an E39 Actor. Examples: - Michael Jackson (E21) possesses Intellectual property rights on the Beatles' back catalogue (E30) In First Order Logic: P75(x,y) ⊃ E39(x) P75(x,y) ⊃ E30(y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P75_possesses
literal: P75 possesses

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P75i_is_possessed_by
literal: P75 is possessed by

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P78_is_identified_by
literal: Scope note: This property identifies an E52 Time-Span using an E49Time Appellation. Examples: - the time span 1926 to 1988 (E52) is identified by "Showa" (Japanese time appellation) (E49) In First Order Logic: P78(x,y) ⊃ E52(x) P78(x,y) ⊃ E49(y) P78(x,y) ⊃ P1(x,y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P78_is_identified_by
literal: P78 is identified by

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P78i_identifies
literal: P78 identifies

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P79_beginning_is_qualified_by
literal: Scope note: This property qualifies the beginning of an E52 Time-Span in some way. The nature of the qualification may be certainty, precision, source etc. Examples: - the time-span of the Holocene (E52) beginning is qualified by approximately (E62) In First Order Logic: P79 (x,y) ⊃ E52 (x) P79 (x,y) ⊃ E62(y) P79(x,y) ⊃ P3(x,y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P79_beginning_is_qualified_by
literal: P79 beginning is qualified by

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P7_took_place_at
literal: Scope note: This property describes the spatial location of an instance of E4 Period. The related E53 Place should be seen as an approximation of the geographical area within which the phenomena that characterise the period in question occurred. P7took place at (witnessed) does not convey any meaning other than spatial positioning (generally on the surface of the earth). For example, the period "Révolution française" can be said to have taken place in "France", the "Victorian" period, may be said to have taken place in "Britain" and its colonies, as well as other parts of Europe and north America. A period can take place at multiple locations. It is a shortcut of the more fully developed path from E4 Period through P161 has spatial projection, E53 Place, P89 falls within (contains) to E53 Place. Describe in words. Examples - the period "Révolution française" (E4) took place at France (E53) In First Order Logic: P7(x,y) ⊃ E4(x) P7(x,y) ⊃ E53(y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P7_took_place_at
literal: P7 took place at

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P7i_witnessed
literal: P7 witnessed

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P80_end_is_qualified_by
literal: Scope note: This property qualifies the end of an E52 Time-Span in some way. The nature of the qualification may be certainty, precision, source etc. Examples: - the time-span of the Holocene (E52) end is qualified by approximately (E62) In First Order Logic: P80(x,y) ⊃ E52(x) P80(x,y) ⊃ E62(y) P80(x,y) ⊃ P3(x,y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P80_end_is_qualified_by
literal: P80 end is qualified by

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P81_ongoing_throughout
literal: Scope note: This property describes the minimum period of time covered by an E52 Time-Span. Since Time-Spans may not have precisely known temporal extents, the CRM supports statements about the minimum and maximum temporal extents of Time-Spans. This property allows a Time-Span’s minimum temporal extent (i.e. its inner boundary) to be assigned an E61 Time Primitive value. Time Primitives are treated by the CRM as application or system specific date intervals, and are not further analysed. Examples: - the time-span of the development of the CIDOC CRM (E52) ongoing throughout 1996-2002 (E61) In First Order Logic: P81 (x,y) ⊃ E52(x) P81 (x,y) ⊃ E61(y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P81_ongoing_throughout
literal: P81 ongoing throughout

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P82_at_some_time_within
literal: Scope note: This property describes the maximum period of time within which an E52 Time-Span falls. Since Time-Spans may not have precisely known temporal extents, the CRM supports statements about the minimum and maximum temporal extents of Time-Spans. This property allows a Time-Span’s maximum temporal extent (i.e. its outer boundary) to be assigned an E61 Time Primitive value. Time Primitives are treated by the CRM as application or system specific date intervals, and are not further analysed. Examples: - the time-span of the development of the CIDOC CRM (E52) at some time within 1992-infinity (E61) In First Order Logic: P82 (x,y) ⊃ E52(x) P82 (x,y) ⊃ E61(y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P82_at_some_time_within
literal: P82 at some time within

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P83_had_at_least_duration
literal: Scope note: This property describes the minimum length of time covered by an E52 Time-Span. It allows an E52 Time-Span to be associated with an E54 Dimension representing it’s minimum duration (i.e. it’s inner boundary) independent from the actual beginning and end. Examples: - the time span of the Battle of Issos 333 B.C.E. (E52) had at least duration Battle of Issos minimum duration (E54) has unit (P91) day (E58) has value (P90) 1 (E60) In First Order Logic: P83(x,y) ⊃ E52(x) P83(x,y) ⊃ E54(y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P83_had_at_least_duration
literal: P83 had at least duration

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P83i_was_minimum_duration_of
literal: P83 was minimum duration of

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P84_had_at_most_duration
literal: Scope note: This property describes the maximum length of time covered by an E52 Time-Span. It allows an E52 Time-Span to be associated with an E54 Dimension representing it’s maximum duration (i.e. it’s outer boundary) independent from the actual beginning and end. Examples: - the time span of the Battle of Issos 333 B.C.E. (E52) had at most duration Battle of Issos maximum duration (E54) has unit (P91) day (E58) has value (P90) 2 (E60) In First Order Logic: P84(x,y) ⊃ E52(x) P84(x,y) ⊃ E54(y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P84_had_at_most_duration
literal: P84 had at most duration

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P84i_was_maximum_duration_of
literal: P84 was maximum duration of

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P86_falls_within
literal: Scope note: This property describes the inclusion relationship between two instances of E52 Time-Span. This property supports the notion that a Time-Span’s temporal extent falls within the temporal extent of another Time-Span. It addresses temporal containment only, and no contextual link between the two instances of Time-Span is implied. This property is transitive. Examples: - the time-span of the Apollo 11 moon mission (E52) falls within the time-span of the reign of Queen Elizabeth II (E52) In First Order Logic: P86(x,y) ⊃ E52(x) P86(x,y) ⊃ E52(y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P86_falls_within
literal: P86 falls within

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P86i_contains
literal: P86 contains

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P87_is_identified_by
literal: Scope note: This property identifies an E53 Place using an E44 Place Appellation. Examples of Place Appellations used to identify Places include instances of E48 Place Name, addresses, E47 Spatial Coordinates etc. Examples: - the location of the Duke of Wellington's House (E53) is identified by "No 1 London" (E45)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P87_is_identified_by
literal: P87 is identified by

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P87i_identifies
literal: P87 identifies

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P89_falls_within
literal: Scope note: This property identifies an instance of E53 Place that falls wholly within the extent of another E53 Place. It addresses spatial containment only, and does not imply any relationship between things or phenomena occupying these places. This property is transitive. Examples: - the area covered by the World Heritage Site of Stonehenge (E53) falls within the area of Salisbury Plain (E53) In First Order Logic: P89(x,y) ⊃ E53(x) P89(x,y) ⊃ E53(y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P89_falls_within
literal: P89 falls within

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P89i_contains
literal: P89 contains

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P8_took_place_on_or_within
literal: Scope note: This property describes the location of an instance of E4 Period with respect to an E19 Physical Object. P8 took place on or within (witnessed) is a shortcut of the more fully developed path from E4 Period through P7 took place at, E53 Place, P156 occupies (is occupied by) to E18 Physical Thing. It describes a period that can be located with respect to the space defined by an E19 Physical Object such as a ship or a building. The precise geographical location of the object during the period in question may be unknown or unimportant. For example, the French and German armistice of 22 June 1940 was signed in the same railway carriage as the armistice of 11 November 1918. Examples: - the coronation of Queen Elisabeth II (E7) took place on or within Westminster Abbey (E19) In First Order Logic: P8(x,y) ⊃ E4(x) P8(x,y) ⊃ E18(y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P8_took_place_on_or_within
literal: P8 took place on or within

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P8i_witnessed
literal: P8 witnessed

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P90_has_value
literal: Scope note: This property allows an E54 Dimension to be approximated by an E60 Number primitive. Examples: - height of silver cup 232 (E54) has value 226 (E60) In First Order Logic: P90(x,y) ⊃ E54(x) P90(x,y) ⊃ E60(y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P90_has_value
literal: P90 has value

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P91_has_unit
literal: Scope note: This property shows the type of unit an E54 Dimension was expressed in. Examples: - height of silver cup 232 (E54) has unit mm (E58) In First Order Logic: P91(x,y) ⊃ E54(x) P91(x,y) ⊃ E58(y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P91_has_unit
literal: P91 has unit

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P91i_is_unit_of
literal: P91 is unit of

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P92_brought_into_existence
literal: Scope note: This property allows an E63 Beginning of Existence event to be linked to the E77 Persistent Item brought into existence by it. It allows a "start" to be attached to any Persistent Item being documented i.e. E70 Thing, E72 Legal Object, E39 Actor, E41 Appellation, E51 Contact Point and E55 Type. Examples: - the birth of Mozart (E67) brought into existence Mozart (E21) In First Order Logic: P92(x,y) ⊃ E63(x) P92(x,y) ⊃ E77(y) P92(x,y) ⊃ P12(x,y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P92_brought_into_existence
literal: P92 brought into existence

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P92i_was_brought_into_existence_by
literal: P92 was brought into existence by

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P93_took_out_of_existence
literal: Scope note: This property allows an E64 End of Existence event to be linked to the E77 Persistent Item taken out of existence by it. In the case of immaterial things, the E64 End of Existence is considered to take place with the destruction of the last physical carrier. This allows an “end” to be attached to any Persistent Item being documented i.e. E70 Thing, E72 Legal Object, E39 Actor, E41 Appellation, E51 Contact Point and E55 Type. For many Persistent Items we know the maximum life-span and can infer, that they must have ended to exist. We assume in that case an End of Existence, which may be as unnoticeable as forgetting the secret knowledge by the last representative of some indigenous nation. Examples: - the death of Mozart (E69) took out of existence Mozart (E21) In First Order Logic: P93 (x,y) ⊃ E64(x) P93 (x,y) ⊃ E77(y) P93(x,y) ⊃ P12(x,y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P93_took_out_of_existence
literal: P93 took out of existence

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P93i_was_taken_out_of_existence_by
literal: P93 was taken out of existence by

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P94_has_created
literal: Scope note: This property allows a conceptual E65 Creation to be linked to the E28 Conceptual Object created by it. It represents the act of conceiving the intellectual content of the E28 Conceptual Object. It does not represent the act of creating the first physical carrier of the E28 Conceptual Object. As an example, this is the composition of a poem, not its commitment to paper. Examples: - the composition of "The Four Friends" by A. A. Milne (E65) has created "The Four Friends" by A. A. Milne (E28) In First Order Logic: P94(x,y) ⊃ E65(x) P94(x,y) ⊃ E28(y) P94(x,y) ⊃ P92(x,y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P94_has_created
literal: P94 has created

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P94i_was_created_by
literal: P94 was created by

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P96_by_mother
literal: Scope note: This property links an E67 Birth event to an E21 Person as a participant in the role of birth-giving mother. Note that biological fathers are not necessarily participants in the Birth (see P97 from father (was father for)). The Person being born is linked to the Birth with the property P98 brought into life (was born). This is not intended for use with general natural history material, only people. There is no explicit method for modelling conception and gestation except by using extensions. This is a sub-property of P11 had participant (participated in). Examples: - the birth of Queen Elizabeth II (E67) by mother Queen Mother (E21) In First Order Logic: P96(x,y) ⊃ E67(x) P96(x,y) ⊃ E21(y) P96(x,y) ⊃ P11(x,y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P96_by_mother
literal: P96 by mother

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P96i_gave_birth
literal: P96 gave birth

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P97_from_father
literal: Scope note: This property links an E67 Birth event to an E21 Person in the role of biological father. Note that biological fathers are not seen as necessary participants in the Birth, whereas birth-giving mothers are (see P96 by mother (gave birth)). The Person being born is linked to the Birth with the property P98 brought into life (was born). This is not intended for use with general natural history material, only people. There is no explicit method for modelling conception and gestation except by using extensions. A Birth event is normally (but not always) associated with one biological father. Examples: - King George VI (E21) was father for the birth of Queen Elizabeth II (E67) In First Order Logic: P97(x,y) ⊃ E67(x) P97(x,y) ⊃ E21(y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P97_from_father
literal: P97 from father

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P97i_was_father_for
literal: P97 was father for

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P98_brought_into_life
literal: Scope note: This property links an E67Birth event to an E21 Person in the role of offspring. Twins, triplets etc. are brought into life by the same Birth event. This is not intended for use with general Natural History material, only people. There is no explicit method for modelling conception and gestation except by using extensions. Examples: - the Birth of Queen Elizabeth II (E67) brought into life Queen Elizabeth II (E21) In First Order Logic: P98(x,y) ⊃ E67(x) P98(x,y) ⊃ E21(y) P98(x,y) ⊃ P92(x,y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P98_brought_into_life
literal: P98 brought into life

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P98i_was_born
literal: P98 was born

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P99_dissolved
literal: Scope note: This property links the disbanding or E68 Dissolution of an E74 Group to the Group itself. Examples: - the end of The Hole in the Wall Gang (E68) dissolved The Hole in the Wall Gang (E74) In First Order Logic: P99(x,y) ⊃ E68(x) P99(x,y) ⊃ E74(y) P99(x,y) ⊃ P11(x,y) P99(x,y) ⊃ P93(x,y)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P99_dissolved
literal: P99 dissolved

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P99i_was_dissolved_by
literal: P99 was dissolved by

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P9_consists_of
literal: Scope note: This property associates an instance of E4 Period with another instance of E4 Period that is defined by a subset of the phenomena that define the former. Therefore the spacetime volume of the latter must fall within the spacetime volume of the former. This property is transitive. Examples: - Cretan Bronze Age (E4) consists of Middle Minoan (E4) In First Order Logic: P9(x,y) ⊃ E4(x) P9(x,y) ⊃ E4(y) P9(x,y) ⊃ P10(y,x)

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P9_consists_of
literal: P9 consists of

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: ecrm:P9i_forms_part_of
literal: P9 forms part of

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Reflective_Topic
literal: Reflective Topic is a CrossCult specific entity.The entity addresses the issue of relating topics for reflection to a broader range of entities beyond the scope of CIDOC-CRM. It provides the required flexibility to relate a Reflective Topic with CRM entities, SKOS concepts and a FOAF person. It carries the semantics of all those subjects and topics of interest that drive the reflection and reinterpretation qualities of the application. Specialisations of the class can be topics like Immigration, Women in Society, Healing, Painting Style, etc.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Reflective_Topic
literal: Reflective Topic

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #reflects
literal: This property relates entities (e.g. from CIDOC-CRM, SKOS or FOAF) with the subjects or topics (instances of Reflective Topic) that drive the reflection and reinterpretation qualities of CrossCult.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #reflects
literal: reflects

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: skos:Concept
IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: skos:Concept
literal: Concept

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: skos:ConceptScheme
IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: skos:ConceptScheme
literal: Concept Scheme

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: skos:altLabel
literal: The range of skos:altLabel is the class of RDF plain literals.

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: skos:altLabel
literal: skos:prefLabel, skos:altLabel and skos:hiddenLabel are pairwise disjoint properties.

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: skos:altLabel
IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: skos:altLabel
literal: alternative label

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: skos:broadMatch
IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: skos:broadMatch
literal: has broader match

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: skos:broader
literal: Broader concepts are typically rendered as parents in a concept hierarchy (tree).

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: skos:broader
IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: skos:broader
literal: has broader

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: skos:broaderTransitive
IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: skos:broaderTransitive
literal: has broader transitive

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: skos:changeNote
IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: skos:changeNote
literal: change note

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: skos:closeMatch
IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: skos:closeMatch
literal: has close match

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: skos:editorialNote
IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: skos:editorialNote
literal: editorial note

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: skos:exactMatch
literal: skos:exactMatch is disjoint with each of the properties skos:broadMatch and skos:relatedMatch.

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: skos:exactMatch
IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: skos:exactMatch
literal: has exact match

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: skos:hasTopConcept
IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: skos:hasTopConcept
literal: has top concept

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: skos:hiddenLabel
literal: The range of skos:hiddenLabel is the class of RDF plain literals.

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: skos:hiddenLabel
literal: skos:prefLabel, skos:altLabel and skos:hiddenLabel are pairwise disjoint properties.

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: skos:hiddenLabel
IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: skos:hiddenLabel
literal: hidden label

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: skos:historyNote
IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: skos:historyNote
literal: history note

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: skos:inScheme
IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: skos:inScheme
literal: is in scheme

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: skos:mappingRelation
literal: These concept mapping relations mirror semantic relations, and the data model defined below is similar (with the exception of skos:exactMatch) to the data model defined for semantic relations. A distinct vocabulary is provided for concept mapping relations, to provide a convenient way to differentiate links within a concept scheme from links between concept schemes. However, this pattern of usage is not a formal requirement of the SKOS data model, and relies on informal definitions of best practice.

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: skos:mappingRelation
IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: skos:mappingRelation
literal: is in mapping relation with

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: skos:member
IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: skos:member
literal: has member

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: skos:memberList
literal: For any resource, every item in the list given as the value of the skos:memberList property is also a value of the skos:member property.

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: skos:memberList
IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: skos:memberList
literal: has member list

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: skos:narrowMatch
IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: skos:narrowMatch
literal: has narrower match

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: skos:narrower
literal: Narrower concepts are typically rendered as children in a concept hierarchy (tree).

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: skos:narrower
IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: skos:narrower
literal: has narrower

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: skos:narrowerTransitive
IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: skos:narrowerTransitive
literal: has narrower transitive

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: skos:note
IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: skos:note
literal: note

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: skos:prefLabel
literal: A resource has no more than one value of skos:prefLabel per language tag, and no more than one value of skos:prefLabel without language tag.

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: skos:prefLabel
literal: The range of skos:prefLabel is the class of RDF plain literals.

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: skos:prefLabel
literal: skos:prefLabel, skos:altLabel and skos:hiddenLabel are pairwise disjoint properties.

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: skos:prefLabel
IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: skos:prefLabel
literal: preferred label

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: skos:related
literal: skos:related is disjoint with skos:broaderTransitive

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: skos:related
IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: skos:related
literal: has related

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: skos:relatedMatch
IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: skos:relatedMatch
literal: has related match

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: skos:semanticRelation
IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: skos:semanticRelation
literal: is in semantic relation with

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: skos:topConceptOf
IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core

AnnotationAssertion
abbreviated IRI: skos:topConceptOf
literal: is top concept in scheme

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person
literal: The FOAF Person class represents people. Something is a Person if it is a person. We don't nitpic about whether they're alive, dead, real, or imaginary. The entity is introduced in the ontology to provide further semantics that enable linking with the specialised ontologies of the project such as the User Ontology.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person
literal: Person

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/topic_interest
literal: A thing of interest to this person.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/topic_interest
literal: topic_interest

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/topic_interest
literal: testing